Small-leaved stendrums

Small-leaved stendrums
	Small-leaved stendellum ( Epipactis microphylla )
Systematics
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Epidendroideae
Tribe :	Neottieae
Sub tribus :	Limodorinae
Genre :	Stendelwurzen ( Epipactis )
Type :	Small-leaved stendrums
Scientific name
	Epipactis microphylla
	( Ehrh. ) Schinz & Thell.

The Epipactis microphylla ( Epipactis microphylla ), even small-sized Sitter or leaved marsh orchid called, is a plant from the genus of Stendel seasoning ( Epipactis ) within the family of orchid (Orchidaceae). In Germany , the orchid species is on the red list and is classified as "endangered".

description

Vegetative characteristics

The small-leaved stemwort is a perennial herbaceous plant . The upright, violet overflowing stem can be up to 50 cm high and is covered with gray-tomentose hair in the upper half. Scale leaves sit at the base of the stem and dry up during flowering. Above this are relatively small, keeled stem leaves for the genus, which are oval-lanceolate and often red-violet. The loosely built inflorescence is one-sided and takes up about a third of the height of the plant. Sterile shoots are extremely rare in this species.

Generative characteristics

Inflorescence of the small-leaved stemwort

The small flowers are strongly scented of vanilla and are seldom wide open or unopened. The bracts are longer than the stalked flowers. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and threefold. The flowers are pale green. The petals are usually tinged with purple. The epichil is heart-shaped with a strong warty callus at the base and three other wart-like elevations. The very large capsule fruits are remarkable . The petals, ovary and stem are very hairy on the outside.

The small-leaved stendola shoots in late May / early June, flowers from mid-June to late July and the seeds ripen from early August. Beetles and ants often visit the flowers.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.

ecology

The small size of the leaves is noticeable on the small-leaved stendellum. The species gets some of the organic substances required for its metabolism from the mycorrhiza and is mycoheterotrophic. The roots, compared to the rhizome , are very fleshy.

During the anthesis , the Rostell's gland is functional, but rarely in use. The small-leaved Stendelwurz mostly self-pollinates (facultative autogamy ).

distribution

The small-leaved stendellum grows predominantly in orchid-beech forests ( Carici-Fagetum ) in low mountain ranges between 500 and 1000 meters, more rarely in coniferous forests. It hardly rises above 1500 meters in the Alps. According to Baumann and Künkele , the species has the following altitude limits in the Alpine countries: Germany 115–870 meters, France 0–1600 meters, Switzerland 350–1300 meters, Liechtenstein 520–1045 meters, Austria 300–820 meters, Italy 20–1800 meters, Slovenia 50-670 meters. In Europe as a whole, the height limits are 0 and 1800 meters. The Epipactis microphylla grows best on calcareous or base-rich mulldurchsetzten clay soils . The species does not tolerate full sun exposure.

The distribution area of the small-leaved Stendelwurz ranges from Europe to Iran. In Central Europe , the small-leaved stendellum is very rare. Its distribution is concentrated in the south of Lower Saxony and Thuringia . Like all native orchid species, the small-leaved stendellar is under nature protection.

literature

Fritz Füller: Epipactis and Cephalanthera (Orchids of Central Europe, 5th part). 4th edition (unchanged reprint of the 3rd edition from 1986). Westarp Sciences, Hohenwarsleben 2005 (Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei, Volume 329), ISBN 3-89432-310-8
AHO (Ed.): The orchids of Germany . Verlag AHO Thuringia, Uhlstädt - Kirchhasel 2005, ISBN 3-00-014853-1

Individual evidence

↑ Small-leaved stemwort. In: FloraWeb.de.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Wolfgang Heinrich, Hermann Voelckel, Helga Dietrich, Rainer Feldmann, Andrea Geithner, Volker Kögler, Peter Rode, Werner Westhus: Thüringens Orchideen . Ed .: Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchideen Thüringen eV Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchideen Thüringen, Uhlstädt-Kirchhasel 2014, ISBN 978-3-00-047724-9 , p. 864 .
↑ ^a ^b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 271 .
↑ MA Selosse, J.-C. Guillaumin: From the germinal stage to the adult plant: the symbiotic mushrooms of the orchids . In: Annual reports of the Wuppertal Natural Science Association . tape 60 , 2007, p. 253-273 .
↑ Piera Medeghini Bonatti, Elisabetta Sgarbi, Carlo Del Prete: Gynostemium micromorphology and pollination in Epipactis microphylla (Orchidaceae). In: Journal of plant research , Volume 119, 2006, pp. 431-437 ( ISSN 0918-9440 ) ( doi : 10.1007 / s10265-006-0001-z ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Swan flowers to duckweed plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
↑ ^a ^b Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele : Orchidaceae . In: Oskar Sebald u. a .: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition Volume 8, page 308. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-8001-3359-8
↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Epipactis microphylla. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 18, 2016.