Müller's Stendelwurz

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Müller's Stendelwurz
Müller's Stendelwurz (Epipactis muelleri)

Müller's Stendelwurz ( Epipactis muelleri )

Systematics
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Epidendroideae
Tribe : Neottieae
Sub tribus : Limodorinae
Genre : Stendelwurzen ( Epipactis )
Type : Müller's Stendelwurz
Scientific name
Epipactis muelleri
Godfery

Miller Stendelwurz ( Epipactis muelleri ) is a plant type from the genus of epipactis ( Epipactis ) in the family of orchid (Orchidaceae). It is named after the German botanist Hermann Müller (1829–1883).

description

Somewhat pink colored flower of the shadow shape of Müller's stendelwort

Müller's Stendelwurz reaches heights of between 25 and 60 cm. The leaves are usually arranged in two rows. They are somewhat folded, more or less curved, lanceolate and pointed and more or less strongly corrugated at the edge. The last two properties are almost always typical of the species.

The inflorescence is one-sided. The flowers are whitish green, less often a little pink. The bulges on the front lip are missing or only hinted at. The passage between the front and rear lip is wide compared to the broad-leaved stendellum . The rear lip is colored red to dark red inside. The pollen packets protrude beyond the scar and can thus reach it unhindered.

The flowering period can already begin in June, but usually not until July and ends in the same month, but can also last into August.

According to older literature, Müller's Stendelwurz should not form sterile, i.e. non-flowering shoots. However, this has been shown to be incorrect. Time and again, sterile plants with the typical characteristics of the species are found.

variability

  • In the case of plants that grow in lighter, sunny locations over longer periods of the day, the leaves are usually arranged more at the base of the stem. With the shadow shape, these are distributed on the stem.
  • The gynostemium (the reproductive apparatus of the orchids made of fused stamens and pistils ) usually does not have an adhesive gland and the pollen bowl is missing, which means that only self-pollination is usually possible. However, there are seldom populations in which a glue gland and pollen bowl are present.

genetics

Müller's Stendelwurz has a karyotype of two sets of chromosomes and 20 chromosomes each ( cytology : 2n = 40), but 19 chromosomes (2n = 38) are also reported.

ecology

Shadow shape of Müller's stendelwort at the location on the edge of the Härtsfeld

Müller's Stendelwurz needs more light than many other species of the Stendelwurzen genus. It therefore grows mainly on the edges of the forest and in the fringing area in the bushes. On poor or dry grassland, mostly in the protection of trees. However, it is also occasionally found in denser forests with less brightness. It grows almost exclusively in calcareous soils.

It occurs in the plant communities "downy oak forests" (order Quercetalia pubescentis-petraeae), "vertebral east fringing societies" (order Origanetalia vulgaris) and " semi-dry grasslands " (association Mesobromion erecti).

distribution

Overall distribution:

The distribution area extends from the Pyrenees to Slovakia , to the south to central Italy and Istria , to the north to the Netherlands . It includes Western Europe and Central Europe. The actual distribution in detail is not yet fully known. According to Baumann and Künkele , the altitude limits in the Alpine countries are as follows: Germany 106–930 meters, France 280–1500 meters, Switzerland 435–1300 meters, Austria 650 meters, Italy 130–1590 meters, Slovenia 340–1050 meters. In Europe, the species rises from 100 meters to 1590 meters above sea level.

Germany:

Denser distribution areas in Germany are mainly along the Upper Rhine, on the Swabian and Franconian Alb , along the Neckar , radiating from there to Main Franconia . Also along the Thuringian Basin , in the Weser Uplands and in the far west from the Moselle to the Eifel . To the north it hardly crosses the border from the low mountain range threshold into the north German lowlands .

Switzerland:

In Switzerland it is mainly found in the north. To the south there are few deposits along the rivers. It is a little more common around the great lakes.

Conservation and endangerment

Sprouting plant with the typical sickle-shaped, wavy leaves

Red lists :

  • Red List Germany: not endangered
  • Red list of federal states:

Despite the classification "not endangered", there are still various causes of danger: the typical locations at the edges of forests and bushes are repeatedly misused as storage space for wood, garden waste or rubbish, through excessive care measures shady bushes are removed, forest edges are included in pasture areas and the plants eaten up or trampled down.

Systematics

Subspecies

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Epipactis muelleri subsp. cerritae M.P.Grasso : It occurs in Sicily.
  • Epipactis muelleri subsp. muelleri (Syn .: Epipactis lapidocampi E. Klein & Laminger ): It occurs in Western Europe and in Central Europe.

Hybrids

Epipactis × reinekei
A mutable crab spider that has caught a hover fly can hardly be seen .

As an almost exclusively self-pollinating species, Müller's stendelwort is hardly an option as a pollen-donating cross-breeding partner. Pollination takes place through the pollen brought from other species of Stendelwurz. However, they include hybrids in which the other cross partner is also self-pollinating. Here, the pollen is likely to be transmitted by insects, who accidentally transport a small amount of pollen from one flower to the next.

The following hybrids are known , some of which are difficult to determine:

  • Epipactis × barreana B. Baumann & H.Baumann ( Epipactis latina × Epipactis muelleri )
  • Epipactis × heterogama M.Bayer ( Epipactis atrorubens × Epipactis muelleri )
  • Epipactis × reinekei M.Bayer ( Epipactis helleborine × Epipactis muelleri )
  • Epipactis × bayeri ( Epipactis leptochila × Epipactis muelleri )

The hybrids have not yet been described:

nomenclature

Although it was only described in 1921 , Müller's Stendelwurz can be counted among the older species, especially in view of the numerous new descriptions in recent years.

Synonyms

  • Helleborine muelleri (Godfery) Bech. (1936)
  • Epipactis helleborine subsp. Muelleri (Godfery) O. Bolòs (1987)

Sources and further information

literature

  • AHO (Ed.): The orchids of Germany . Verlag AHO Thuringia Uhlstädt - Kirchhasel 2005, ISBN 3-00-014853-1

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Epipactis muelleri. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  2. ↑ a b Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele : Orchidaceae . In: Oskar Sebald u. a .: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . 1st edition Volume 8, page 302. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998. ISBN 3-8001-3359-8

Web links

Commons : Müller's Stendelwurz ( Epipactis muelleri )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Regional:

Distribution maps: