Cell biology
The cell biology , cytology ( ancient Greek κύτος kytos , cell ', λόγος lógos , teaching') or Cytology is a branch of biology and medicine . With the help of microscopy and molecular biological methods, cell biology researches cells in order to understand and elucidate biological processes at the cellular level. This includes the investigation of the various cell compartments and cell organelles , cell division, the movement of cells and cell clusters, and the communication between cells.
Cell biology has close contacts with the neighboring disciplines of biochemistry , molecular biology , botany , zoology , physiology , developmental biology and immunology .
The term “cytology” is colloquially used synonymously for cytodiagnostics .
history
- 1590–1610: Light microscope by Hans and Zacharias Janssen and Cornelis Jacobszoon Drebbel
- 1665–1667: Robert Hooke coined the term cell ( cellula , little chamber, "box") after he discovered and recorded them in detail as cavities in the tissue of the bottle cork , later the fern and sundew , with the help of one of the first microscopes (see illustration ).
- 1675 and 1679: Microscopic description of the plant cells by Marcello Malpighi in Anatome plantarum .
- 1683: Antoni van Leeuwenhoek discovered oral and intestinal bacteria , parasitic protozoa and red blood cells .
- At the beginning of the 19th century , the cell was viewed as an elementary unit of the plant organs ( Franz Meyen (1804–1840)).
- In 1838 Matthias Jacob Schleiden founded the cell theory with the claim that all plants consist of cells. Theodor Schwann expanded the statement to include animals in the same year . He found that cells must be surrounded by a membrane and that every tissue is made up of cells of a certain type.
- 1839: Theodor Schwann showed that animals and plants consist of cells.
- In 1845 Carl von Siebold published a book in which he depicted protozoa as single-celled organisms and thus showed that cells can live independently of one another.
- At the same time, Louis Pasteur and others refuted the theory that cells can arise spontaneously from dead organic matter ( generatio spontanea ).
- In 1855, Rudolf Virchow confirmed Meyen's plant-related theory in the field of pathology that every cell arises from another (" omnis cellula e cellula "), and published his cellular pathology, which he developed from 1849 onwards
- In 1861 Max Johann Sigismund Schultze showed that the protoplasm always has almost the same physical properties, regardless of the type of cell.
literature
- Alberts et al .: Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th Edition Wiley-VCH , Weinheim 2003. LXII, ISBN 3-527-30492-4
- Andreas Held: Examination trainer for biochemistry and cell biology . Spectrum Academic Publishing House , 2004, ISBN 3-8274-1542-X
- Lodish et al .: Molecular Cell Biology . 4th edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-8274-1077-0
- May-Britt Becker, Armin Zülch, Peter Gruss : From the undifferentiated cell to the complex organism: Concepts of ontogeny . Biologie in our time 31 (2), pp. 88-97 (2001), ISSN 0045-205X
- Sven P. Thoms: Origin of Life . Fischer, Frankfurt, ISBN 3-596-16128-2
- Hans-Achim Müller: Cytology. In: Encyclopedia of Medical History. Edited by Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , pp. 1535-1540.
- Bernd Krebs: Contributions to the conceptual history of the nomenclature of cell theory up to the beginning of the 20th century. Dissertation, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 2013 ( online ), especially pp. 38–40.
- Helmut Plattner, Joachim Hentschel: Cell Biology , 5th revised edition, Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 2017, ISBN 978-3-13-240227-0
Web links
Wikibooks: Medical Biology - Learning and Teaching Materials
Wiktionary: cytology - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
- Cell Biologiy Animation (engl.) - are basic principles of cell biology based on animations displayed (Caution: Sometimes minor bugs!)
- BioChemWeb - The Virtual Library of Biochemistry, Moleculer Biology and Cell Biology - well organized site with many (linked) articles on the topic
- Lecture Cell Biology Video recording of a complete lecture by Alfred Nordheim, Michael Kiebler and Olaf Heidenreich. TIMMS, Tübingen Internet Multimedia Server.
- Website of the German Society for Cell Biology
Individual evidence
- ^ First light microscope by Hans and Zacharias Jansen
- ↑ Max Johann Sigismund Schultze : About muscle bodies and what one has to call a cell. In: Archive for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine , 1861, pp. 1–27