Max Johann Sigismund Schultze

Max Schultze

Max Johann Sigismund Schultze , also Maximilian (born March 25, 1825 in Freiburg im Breisgau ; † January 16, 1874 in Bonn ) was a German anatomist and zoologist. His author abbreviation is M. Schulze.

origin

Schultze came from a family of scholars and officials. His parents were Karl August Sigismund Schultze and his wife Friederike geb. Bellermann (1805-1885). His father was a professor of anatomy and physiology in Freiburg and from 1830 in Greifswald . His brother Bernhard Sigmund Schultze became a gynecologist and was professor at the University of Jena from 1858 to 1903 . The brother August Sigismund Schultze (1833-1918) was a lawyer and professor at the University of Strasbourg.

Life

In 1845 Max Schultze began studying medicine at the University of Greifswald . He spent the winter semester of 1845/46 with Johannes Peter Müller in Berlin. In 1849 he received his doctorate from his father. In 1850 he completed his habilitation in Greifswald and became a private lecturer and prosector at the anatomical institute there. From 1854 Schultze was associate professor at the University of Halle and from 1859 full professor at the University of Bonn . In 1860 he was elected to the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . Max Schultze became a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in 1871 . In 1872 he was elected a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences .

In 1872 he became director of the Anatomical Institute in Bonn. In 1865 he founded the journal Archive for Microscopic Anatomy , of which he was editor until his death. He was a co-founder of the theory of cells ( cytology ; he first recognized the cytoplasm and nucleus as necessary components of a living cell), the protoplasm theory (differentiated the protoplasm and the nucleus in the cell in 1861 and showed that the protoplasm always independent of the type of cell has almost the same physical properties) and founder of the germinal doctrine. He differentiated rods and cones in the retina . He was also the first to describe the platelets . Further work concerned nerve endings in sensory organs, complex eyes and strudelworms (turbellarians). He was the first to work in preparative technology with osmic acid and introduced physiological solutions (blood substitute fluids).

He died of a perforated duodenal ulcer three years before his father died .

family

He was married twice. His first wife was Christine Bellermann (1830–1865) around 1855, a daughter of Christian Friedrich Bellermann . The couple had five sons, two of whom died early. Among other things, it survived:

• Oskar Maximilian Sigismund (1859–1920), Professor of Anatomy in Würzburg, Hofrat

After the death of his first wife, he married Sophie Siever (1840–1911) in 1868 , the daughter of the Hildesheim cigar manufacturer Hermann Dietrich Sievers (1809–1872) and Theodora Warneken (1819–1852). The couple also had a son:

• Hermann Sigmund (1872–1959), Dr. phil., chemist

Fonts

• Contributions to the natural history of the turbellariums , 1851.
• About the organism of the polythalamia (foraminifera) with remarks about the rhizipods in general . Leipzig, Engelmann, 1854.
• Contributions to the knowledge of the land planarians. 1857.
• Knowledge of the electrical organs of fish. 1858.
• The hyalonemas. 1860.
• About muscle bodies and what one can call a cell. In: Archives for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine. 1861, pp. 1-27.
• The protoplasm of the rhizopods and plant cells. 1863.
• De ovorum ranarum segmentatione. 1863.
• A heated object table and its use in blood examinations. 1865.
• On the anatomy and physiology of the retina. 1866.
• About the yellow spot on the retina, its influence on normal vision and color blindness. M. Cohen et al. Son, Bonn 1866.
• About the compound eyes of crabs and insects. 1868.
• Observationes de structura cellularum fibrarumque nervearum. 1868.

literature

• DB Brewer: Max Schultze and the living, moving, phagocytosing leucocytes: 1865. In: Medical history. Jan 1994, pp. 91-101, PMID 8145610 , PMC 1036812 (free full text)
• Gerhard Müller-Strahl:  Schultze, Max Johann Sigismund. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , pp. 703 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Julius Pagel : Biographical lexicon of outstanding doctors of the nineteenth century. Urban & Schwarzenberg Publishing House, Berlin / Vienna 1901, Sp. 1550–1551.
• Julius Pagel :  Schultze, Max . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 54, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1908, p. 256 f.
• Douglas B. Brewer: Max Schultze (1865), G. Bizzozero (1882) and the discovery of the platelet. In: British Journal of Hematology. Volume 133, Number 3, 2006, pp. 251-258, doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-2141.2006.06036.x .

Web links

• Physiology and cell biology in the 'Poppelsdorf campus' 1859–1884. 25 years of training at an inter-faculty research facility in Bonn. Compiled by Wolfgang Alt. ( Memento from July 13, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
• Pioneers in Medical Laboratory Science - 2 Friedrich von Recklinghausen 1833–1910

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Dissertation: De arteriarum notione, structura, constitutione chemica et vita .
2. ↑ Member entry of Max Johann Sigismund Schultze at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on June 25, 2016.
3. ↑ Member entry of Max Johann Sigismund Schultze at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on June 25, 2016.
4. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 219.