Lübeck Bible (1533/34)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Lübeck Bible from 1533/34 is the first Middle Low German edition of the Luther Bible . Because of Johannes Bugenhagen's editing , it is also called the Bugenhagen Bible. It was the first edition of a full Bible based on Martin Luther's translation and appeared before the first complete High German edition.

Emergence

In connection with the implementation of the Reformation in the northern German cities by issuing church ordinances , Bugenhagen also faced the task of a Reformation Bible edition in Low German. From 1524 he was involved in an advisory role in the creation of the Low German New Testament in Wittenberg .

From 1530 to the end of April 1532 Bugenhagen stayed in Lübeck. In the last weeks of his stay, he devoted himself entirely to work on the Bible. Exactly what part he played in the translation has not yet been clarified. It was not until 1545 that his name appeared on the title page, and the name Bugenhagenbibel became established . He wrote the preface for the complete edition, which is dated the Tuesday after Easter in 1532. In it he states that the remarks on the Old Testament and the introductory summaries of the New Testament come from him, but that this Bible is based entirely on the work and suggestion of Luther and therefore disguised Luther's Biblie . The title page says:

Title page

De Biblie
 vth of vthlegging-
ge Doctoris
Martini Luthers yn dyth düdesche
vlitich vthgesettet / mit
sun- dergen vnderrichtingen /
alsse men lakes mach.
Inn the Keyserliken city of Lübeck
pressed by Ludowich Dietz.
M D XXXIII

According to a note from Johannes Draconites that Johann Melchior Goeze handed down, the Lübeck citizens Joann von Achelen, Gotgen Engelstedt and Jacob Grap as well as the printer, Ludwig Dietz, took over the financing of the edition . Dietz, who had worked in Rostock since 1510 , probably set up a branch workshop for printing in Lübeck and lived here from 1531 to 1534.

The Bible is divided into six parts by subheadings, of which at least the Book of Psalms was also published as a separate volume (1533). The overall title page shows the year MDXXXIII , while in the colophon the printer reports the completion of the printing on April 1, 1534.

Illustrations

The Bible edition is considered a special masterpiece of printing due to its illustrations, the typographic design and the very carefully executed printing.

The illustrations include 79 woodcuts , all of which are attributed to Erhard Altdorfer , who was active at the Schwerin court at the time. The woodcut of the title shows an adaptation of Lucas Cranach the Elder's Reformation pictorial theme of law and grace .

Aftermath

Since Middle Low German was the language of the Hanseatic League , this Bible edition became the prototype of editions in various languages ​​and countries in Northern Europe . Dietz himself was in 1548 by King Christian III. Called to Copenhagen , where he used the same letters and illustrations as in the Lübeck edition of King Christian III. Bible , the first complete Danish Bible, printed. His Lübeck colleague Jürgen Richolff the Younger had already produced the first Swedish Bible in Sweden from 1539 on the basis of the Lübeck Bible with the Gustav Wasa Bible.

  • Christian III's Bible

  • Gustav Wasa Bible

  • Edition Magdeburg 1554

  • Barther Bible

By 1622, 25, partly revised, editions were published, from Magdeburg in 1534 to Goslar in 1621. The Barther Bible from 1588 is also included.

In the course of the rediscovery of Low German in the 19th century, the Kropper pastor Johannes Paulsen revised the Bugenhagen Bible together with Klaus Groth ; their version of the New Testament appeared in 1884.

Lore

Copies of the Lübeck Bible from 1533/34 can be found in accordance with VD 16 in Germany in Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (digitized); Berlin, State Library of Prussian Cultural Heritage; Braunschweig, City Library; Saxon State and University Library; Jena, Thuringian University and State Library; Lüneburg, council library; Rostock, University Library; Schweinfurt, Otto Schäfer Library; Stuttgart, Württemberg State Library; Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Library.

literature

  • Günter Galda: The vocabulary of the New Testament of the so-called Bugenhagen Bible in relation to the Luther text. Kiel, Univ., Diss., 1961
  • Johann Melchior Goeze: Attempt to trace the history of the printed Bibles in Lower Saxony from 1470 to 1621. Halle: Bey JJ Gebauer's widow 1775. ( digitized version ), §§ 21–24.
  • Dieter Lohmeier: Ludwig Dietz , in: Alken Bruhns and Dieter Lohmeier: The Lübeck book printers in the 15th and 16th centuries. Letterpress for the Baltic region. Heide in Holstein: Boyens & Co. 1994 ISBN 3-8042-0668-9 , pp. 85-87.
  • Heimo Reinitzer : Biblia German. Luther's translation of the Bible and its tradition. Braunschweig 1983, p. 166.
  • Ingrid Schröder: The Bugenhagen Bible. Studies on the translation and text history of the Pentateuch. Cologne / Vienna / Weimar: Böhlau 1991 (Central German Research, 105)

Web links

Commons : Lübecker Bibel (1533/34)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ An attempt at a history (lit.), pp. 205f.
  2. ↑ See Lohmeier (Lit.), p. 85
  3. ^ Walther Juergens: Erhard Altdorfer. His works and his importance for the Bible illustration of the 16th century. Lübeck / Leipzig: Otto Quitzow 1931.
  4. ↑ Never dated the testament of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ na de Plattdütsche Oewersettung by Dr. Johann Bugenhagen. Kropp: Eben-Ezer 1884