Laborans

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Signature of the cardinal deacon on a privilege of Alexander III. by 1175

Laborans (* between 1120 and 1125 in Pontormo ; † after October 6, 1189 in Rome ) was a theologian and canonist and from 1173 as cardinal deacon of Santa Maria in Portico and after the Third Lateran Council in 1179 as cardinal priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere cardinal of the Roman Church.

He completed his theological studies in France, possibly in Paris with Gilbert von Poitiers , with a magister ; he was only likely to have studied canon law after his return to Italy, which took him through Germany. Nothing is known of a canonical teaching activity by the Laborans. As a canon in Capua he came into contact with the ruling class at the Norman royal court in Palermo under William I , where he also took part in discussions.

His writings have only survived in a single manuscript, which is kept in the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana under the signature Arch.Cap.S.Pietro C110 . In addition to the Compilatio decretorum , an extensive revision of Gratian's decree , two longer tracts are known: De iustitia et iusto , dedicated to Maio of Bari , and De vera libertate , dedicated to Archbishop Hugo of Palermo , previously Archbishop of Capua . The addressees of two short works are not known further: Contra Sabellianos for a Hermannus theologicae veritatis amicus and De relativa praedicatione personae in divinis for a Rispaldus theologici sinus alumnus . In addition, documents from his legation in Tuscany with testimony from the years 1177 to 1180 about a dispute between the bishops of Siena and Arezzo have come down to us.

According to the author, the compilatio , which was completed in 1182 after twenty years of work, is dedicated to Bishop Peter of Pamplona . However, the essential collection should have ended a few years earlier, since the formulated decrees of the Third Lateran Council have been added to the margins of the manuscript in the systematically appropriate places. Materials adopted from Gratian's decree make up about 80%, the rest largely comes from Mare vitreum , one in the Neapolitan manuscript MS. XII.A.27 traditional collection. Regardless of the better arrangement of the material, the compilation of the Laborans could not prevail and was not taken note of, because Gratian's work was already too firmly anchored in the teaching and exegesis of the Bolognese school of law.

Laborans was friends with magister Vivianus , who was appointed cardinal deacon of San Nicola in Carcere in 1175 , who dedicated a treatise on the right of appeal to him, which is the only foreign script in the collection of the Vatican manuscript.

expenditure

  • Artur Michael Landgraf : Laborantis Cardinalis Opuscula (= Florilegium patristicum 32). Hanstein, Bonn 1932.
  • Francesco Giunta : Bizantini e bizantinismo nella Sicilia normanna. Nova edizione. Palumbo, Palermo 1974, pp. 104–123 prints the tract De vera libertate and the two short works without Landgraf's knowledge .
  • There is no edition of the Compilatio decretorum , Norbert Martin only edited excerpts in the 2nd volume that were not taken from Gratian's decree.

literature

  • Luca Loschiavo:  laboratory assistant. In: Mario Caravale (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 62:  Iacobiti-Labriola. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2004.
  • Norbert Martin: Laborans . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 5, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1991, ISBN 3-7608-8905-0 , Sp. 1601 f.
  • Norbert Martin: The "Compilatio Decretorum" of Cardinal Laborans; a revision of the gratian decree from the 12th century. 2 volumes, 1994 (Diss. Heidelberg 1985); on the biography of Laborans pp. 7-17.
  • Horst Enzensberger : Cultura giuridica e amministrazione nel regno normanno-svevo. In: Manlio Bellomo (ed.): Scuole, diritto e società nel mezzogiorno medievale d 'Italia. Vol. 2. Tringale editore, Catania 1987, pp. 169-188, especially pp. 172-177 ( online ).
  • Francesco Giunta : Bizantini e bizantinismo nella Sicilia normanna. Nova edizione. Palumbo, Palermo 1974, pp. 103-104.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Enzensberger, Cultura giuridica p. 173
  2. ↑ Ubaldo Paschi: Documenti per la storia della città di Arezzo nel Medio Evo. Volume 1. Firenze 1899, pp. 519-573 No. 389
  3. ↑ Enzensberger, Cultura giuridica p. 175
  4. ^ Norbert Martin: “Mare vitreum” (Naples, Bibl. Naz., MS XII A 27): A source of the “Compilatio decretorum” of Cardinal Laborans. In: Bulletin of Medieval canon law , XV (1985), pp. 51-59
  5. ↑ Vibiano. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website ), accessed December 24, 2017. (Fairly poor)
personal data
SURNAME Laborans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Canon and cardinal
DATE OF BIRTH between 1120 and 1125
PLACE OF BIRTH Pontormo
DATE OF DEATH after October 6, 1189
Place of death Rome