Gratian (Canon Lawyer)
Gratian , also Magister Gratianus or Gratianus de Clusio , (* in Chiusi late 11th century; † before 1160 in Bologna ) is considered the father of canon law . He is the author of the Decretum Gratiani , written around 1140 , the most influential collection of medieval canon law.
Little is known about Gratian himself - that he was a Camaldolese monk is now often referred to the realm of legends. The first name Johannes is just as uncertain. Gratian's activity began at a time when teaching at the Bologna School of Law was firmly institutionalized. He taught canon law there . Dealing with this topic made it seem sensible to create a standard work comparable to the Corpus Iuris Civilis for canon law as well. He himself called his work, later mainly known as Decretum Gratiani , Concordia Discordantium Canonum .
Works
- Decretum : with commentary by Johannes Teutonicus and Bartholomaeus Brixiensis . Strasbourg 1490 ( digitized )
literature
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : Gratian. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 2, Bautz, Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-032-8 , Sp. 288-289.
- Kerstin A. Jacobi: The marriage tract of Magister Rolandus of Bologna. Editorial history investigation and edition (= Writings on Medieval Studies 3) Hamburg 2004 ISBN 3-8300-1193-8 .
- Peter Landau : Gratian (from Bologna) . In: Theologische Realenzyklopädie 14 (1985), pp. 124–130 (overview with further references)
- Anders Winroth , The Making of Gratian's Decretum , Cambridge 2000.
- H. Zapp: Gratian . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 4, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1989, ISBN 3-7608-8904-2 , Sp. 1658.
Web links
- Literature by and about Gratian in the catalog of the German National Library
- Gratianus magister in the repertory "Historical Sources of the German Middle Ages"
- Domus Gratiani - Homepage for Gratian Studies
- Digitized manuscripts in Swiss libraries
- Works by Gratian (canon lawyer) in the complete catalog of incandescent prints
Individual evidence
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Gratian |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Magister Gratianus |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Canon lawyer in the Middle Ages |
DATE OF BIRTH | 11th century |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Chiusi |
DATE OF DEATH | before 1160 |
Place of death | Bologna |