Ljubljana Congress

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Ljubljana Congress

The Ljubljana Congress took place from January 26th to May 12th, 1821 in Ljubljana (Slovenian: Ljubljana). He decided on military intervention in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies to crush a liberal coup.

prehistory

It is the continuation of the Opava Congress and thus the third of the four monarchical congresses . The background to this was the Spanish Revolution of 1820, which forced King Ferdinand VII to reinstate the liberal constitution from 1812. In Italy, King Ferdinand I of the two Sicilies was forced to introduce a liberal constitution and recognize the principle of popular sovereignty . The Holy Alliance of Russia , Austria and Prussia had formed in Opavaagreed to take military action against revolutionary movements. Metternich played a central role in this . However, at his insistence, no specific decisions were made to implement it. This was reserved for the Congress of Laibach.

course

Participants were Tsar Alexander I of Russia , Emperor Franz I of Austria and King Ferdinand I of both Sicilies. Delegates were present from other powers such as Prussia, represented by Hardenberg , and France. The Papal States , the Kingdom of Sardinia , the Duchy of Modena and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany also took part. Great Britain only attended the Congress through diplomatic observers.

Congress negotiated the request of the King of the Two Sicilies to put down the Neapolitan uprising by military intervention. The French ambassador and various Italian states opposed this. After the members of the Holy Alliance had instructed Austria to invade Naples, the ambassadors of France and Great Britain no longer took part in the negotiations. However, it was suggested to France that the country should invade Spain, similar to Austria in Naples. Congress was another step in Britain's turning away from cooperation with the other powers.

The Austrian troops put down the uprising in Naples and on May 15, 1821 the royal rule was restored there. In April, an uprising that broke out in February in the Kingdom of Sardinia was put down.

In order to clarify the problems in Spain and Greece, where a national movement began, the powers agreed to convene another congress in Verona .

literature

  • Gerhard Taddey (ed.): Lexicon of German history . People, events, institutions. From the turn of the times to the end of World War II. 2nd, revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-520-81302-5 , p. 710.
  • Carl Cavanagh Hodge: Laibach, Conference of (1821). In: Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism 1800-1914. Westport 2008, p. 409

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