State welfare home Glückstadt

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The state welfare home Glückstadt was a facility for home education from 1949 to 1974. The building was located on Jungfernstieg in Glückstadt in the Steinburg district of Schleswig-Holstein . Previously, the facility was used as an early concentration camp and work facility.

history

Originally it was a Danish military depot that was built and set up in the 18th century. In the 19th century the building was used as a penitentiary . From 1875 the building was used as a "Provincial Correctional Institution for the Province of Schleswig-Holstein", and from 1925 onwards it was run as a "State Laboratory".

Early concentration camp

After the handover of power to the National Socialists , the building served as a labor camp for political prisoners from Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg from April 1933. In this early concentration camp , 150 political opponents of the Altona police headquarters were arbitrarily detained as part of protective custody and guarded by police officers and auxiliary police officers from the SA . The “protective prisoners” were separated from the workhouse prisoners and were housed on their own floor. However, they wore the same clothes and, in addition to farming, sometimes did the same work (including gluing bags and making doormats). In contrast to other early concentration camps, reprisals and abuse were very rare in Glückstadt. Most of the prisoners in custody were released at Christmas 1933. From June 1933, groups of inmates were transferred to the Emsland camps , the Oranienburg concentration camp and the Kuhlen concentration camp . A total of 731 prisoners passed through the camp. On February 26, 1934, the Glückstadt camp was closed by the local district administrator.

“Glückstadt! The nine red comrades who were brought to the concentration camp in Glückstadt on Thursday for a spa stay were followed today by two more Marxists. It is about the Antifa leader Verwiebe, who was recently arrested again, and the communists Leipnitz. "

- Schleswig-Holstein daily newspaper of June 30, 1933

World War II and post-war period

During the Second World War , Nazi slave laborers were also housed in the building complex . From 1943, the building was also used as a labor education camp for the accommodation of welfare children.

From 1945 to 1949 the building was used as a military hospital.

State welfare home

From 1949 the facility was run as the Glückstadt State Welfare Home. SA people and auxiliary policemen who were already active in the concentration camp and later in the workhouse during the Nazi period were employed as educators in the Glückstadt State Welfare Home. In addition to juvenile delinquents , juveniles who had not committed criminal offenses were admitted to the facility due to inappropriate behavior as a result of state welfare measures. The home temporarily accommodated 160 young people. The most famous inmate was Peter-Jürgen Boock , who later joined the Red Army faction . According to a former inmate, the adolescents had to hand over their personal belongings after their admission to the facility and were dressed in a drill suit, underwear, shirt and wooden shoes.

The inmates had to do unpaid labor six days a week from morning to evening, including tying fishing nets, locksmithing and gardening. The labor of the young people was also used by the municipality (maintenance of the cemetery, the open-air swimming pool and parks) and by local businesses and farmers. Abuse and sexual abuse are reported through the home by former inmates. Unruly young people were locked up in a solitary cell in the basement, known as a box in inmate jargon. A former inmate reports that he had to sleep there on a "mattress with an imperial eagle and swastika ". The clothes of the isolated prisoners also came from the Nazi era : a released youth managed to smuggle a fisherman's shirt from the home that was still labeled with the Glückstadt external command . The word Arbeitsserziehungsanstalt was crossed out on the index card of an inmate of the state welfare home and the state welfare home was written on it instead. The following was noted on the index card as the reason for admission: "Asocial, criminal - cannot adapt to society".

From May 7th to 8th 1969 there was a revolt among the residents. Sheets and mattresses were set on fire. The uprising was put down. Neues Deutschland reports that, according to witnesses, marines of the Bundeswehr were involved in the crackdown .

The facility was closed on December 31, 1974, "as the last facility of its kind in the Federal Republic".

The building was demolished in 1979/80.

Work-up

Since December 16, 1991, a memorial plaque commemorates the early concentration camp at the former camp site.

In January 2007 Gitta Trauernicht invited to a round table about the state welfare home Glückstadt.

In 2010 there was an exhibition on the Glückstadt state welfare home.

On May 22, 2011, a commemorative plaque for children in the home was put up.

literature

  • Irene Johns, Christian Schrapper (ed.): Landesfürsorgeheim Glückstadt 1949-74. Inhabitants - history - conception , Wachholtz-Verlag, Neumünster 2010, series: Time + History Volume 18, ISBN 978-3-529-02748-2 .
  • Reimar Möller: Glückstadt . In: Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (eds.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Volume 2: Early camp, Dachau, Emsland camp. CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-52962-3 , pp. 100-101.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Young people / home education: In der Isole . In: Der Spiegel , issue 63/1969 of September 22, 1969, pp. 112-113
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Dieter Hanisch: Justice. Brutal care . In Die Zeit , issue 45 from November 1, 2007
  3. ^ Reimer Möller: Protective custody in the city center. The Glückstadt concentration camp in 1933/34. In: “Siegeszug in der Nordmark.” Information on Schleswig-Holstein Contemporary History Heft 50 (2008), pp. 96–111.
  4. ^ Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Family, Youth and Seniors of the State of Schleswig-Holstein: Round table with former welfare pupils from the State welfare home Glückstadt - On the history of the building of the State welfare home in Glückstadt an der Unterelbe .
  5. ^ A b c d Reimar Möller: Glückstadt . In: Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (eds.): The place of terror. Early camps, Dachau, Emslandlager, Volume 2, Munich 2005, pp. 100–101
  6. ↑ Christine Reimers: City faces gloomy history. Memorial plaque for state welfare home inaugurated on.shz.de on May 23, 2011
  7. ↑ Dieter Hanisch: The suffering of the children of Glückstadt on http://www.tagesspiegel.de from December 15, 2008
  8. ↑ Former youth home Glückstadt Beats, forced labor and Nazi uniforms . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung of May 17, 2010
  9. ↑ http://www.deutschlandradiokultur.de/man-wollte-uns-rechen.1001.de.html?dram:article_id=156737
  10. ↑ http://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/170647.die-rebellion-von-glueckstadt.html
  11. ↑ http://www.shz.de/lokales/norddeutsche-rundschau/ausstellung-zum-landesfuersorgeheim-id2121161.html
  12. ↑ http://heimkinder-forum.de/v4x/index.php/Thread/12838-Ehemaliges-Landesf%C3%BCrsorgeheim-Gl%C3%BCckstadt-Schleswig-Holstein-Anzüge-und-Einwei/

Coordinates: 53 ° 47 '12.1 "  N , 9 ° 25' 8.4"  E