Langenzell
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Langenzell
Community Wiesbachhorn
Coordinates: 49 ° 21 ′ 47 " N , 8 ° 50 ′ 13" E
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| Height : | 156 m |
| Incorporation : | 1925 |
| Postal code : | 69257 |
| Area code : | 06223 |
Langenzell is a homestead belonging to the municipality of Wiesenbach . Langenzell was a village until the Thirty Years' War , but was then depopulated for around two decades in 1636 as a result of the chaos of war. After changing management by refugees and tenants, the von Wrede family built a mansion with a manor on the site of the former village in the late 18th century. From 1880 to 1883, Alfred zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg finally built the New Palace . In 1925, Langenzell, whose area covered 511 hectares, was incorporated into the municipality of Wiesenbach.
history
Around 1300 Langenzell was first mentioned in a fief book of the bishops of Speyer . Like Wiesenbach, which was first mentioned in a document in the High Middle Ages, Langenzell is probably much older than the documents indicate. Judging by the topography of the settlement, it is an extension of Wiesenbach, which in turn was founded around 700 by Reilingen or Elsenztal . The place Langenzell could therefore have been founded a little later than 700 and was probably always lordly and ecclesiastically closely connected to Wiesenbach, but then gained political independence in the high Middle Ages, since in 1337 an own mayor in Langenzell was mentioned for the first time . At that time Langenzell belonged to the Electoral Palatinate and in court to the Meckesheimer Zent . In the village there was an electoral inheritance mill , which was mentioned as early as 1369 and was a ban mill for the Langenzell farmers.
In 1636 the village was completely destroyed and depopulated during the Thirty Years War . The Electors of the Palatinate settled French religious refugees in Langenzell from the 1650s, who built a new church in the village in 1687. In the Palatinate War of Succession , Langenzell was depopulated again when the French residents fled from the French troops under General Melác who advanced to Heidelberg in 1693. Then the goods were given to citizens of Dilsberg, later to Mennonites and changing tenants. At that time Langenzell only had a poor number of buildings. In 1714 the church was inhabited by day laborers. In 1728 one of the tenants was given permission to demolish the church so that the stones could be used to build a house.
From 1733 Dilsberg's administrator , Franz Joseph von Wrede , began to acquire land in Langenzell. His son Ferdinand Joseph von Wrede finally managed to get the entire district into his possession by 1762, and he also acquired the Klingentaler Hof and the Biedersbacher Hof , both in the Lobenfeld district . Langenzell subsequently developed into an agricultural model estate . Wrede was not only impressive buildings built and make S.Domingos wasteland under cultivation, he campaigned for the relocation of the former south running trunk road from Heidelberg to Mosbach by Langenzell and supported the construction of the Wiesbacher Catholic community and the expansion of their church of St. Michael the Parish church. In 1784 Wrede was exempted from all leases and received local rights in Langenzell. In 1785 Joseph Wrede received the Langenzeller hereditary estate as a kunkellehen . In 1786, Johann Goswin Widder praised Langenzell cattle breeding as "the most beautiful in the whole country" in his description of the Electoral Palatinate. In 1800 a large mansion was finally built by Joseph Franz Freiherr von Wrede , what is now known as the Old Castle . At the transition from the Electoral Palatinate to Baden in 1803, the manor house, a forge , a distillery , a brickworks , a wagon workshop and other buildings and stables belonged to the estate. In 1831, Langenzell was the only farm in Neckargemünd that did not belong to any municipality. The management of the land registers was transferred to Wiesenbach in 1833, as was the police supervision in 1849.
The von Wrede family owned Langenzell until 1840, when the heirs of Carl Philipp von Wrede (1767-1838), who had been raised to the rank of prince, sold the farm to Count Wilhelm von Reichenbach-Lessonitz . He later bequeathed it to his son-in-law Alfred zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg . Between 1880 and 1883 a new castle was built by this southeast of the manor according to plans by Carl Jonas Mylius .
Around 1900 potatoes were grown on around 50 hectares of land belonging to the estate, wheat on 45 to 50 hectares, rye on 30 to 40 hectares, oats on 35 to 50 hectares, winter barley on around 10 hectares, clover on 10 to 15 hectares, on 10 to 15 hectares of legumes, on around 10 hectares of beets and on smaller areas maize and carrots and occasionally alfalfa. The potato cultivation was mainly used for the distillery, which emitted 127,000 liters annually. Around 200 cattle (mostly Simmental), 200 to 250 pigs (large German noble pig), 250 sheep and a certain number of work, breeding and carriage horses were kept of cattle. Before the First World War, the farm was mostly worked by workers from Poland and the Ukraine.
With the exception of the New Palace and the nursery, the estate was leased to the sugar factory in Waghäusel, later known as Südzucker , from 1913 onwards . The district of Langenzell was meanwhile incorporated into Wiesenbach in 1925. After the Second World War, the von Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg family left the castle, which was then rented as an old people's home until 1960 and then for various commercial purposes. It remained in the family ownership of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg until 2010 and was then sold to a local property owner.
literature
- State Archive administration Baden-Württemberg in connection with d. Cities and districts Heidelberg u. Mannheim (Hrsg.): The city and the districts of Heidelberg and Mannheim: Official district description , Bd. 2: The city of Heidelberg and the communities of the district of Heidelberg . Karlsruhe 1968.
- Günther Wüst: On the history of Wiesenbach and Langenzell , Wiesenbach 1970
