St. Michael (Wiesenbach)
The Church of St. Michael in Wiesenbach in the Rhein-Neckar district in northern Baden-Württemberg is a Catholic church . The building was erected around 1740 on the foundations of the older St. Georg monastery church and modern extensions were added in 1977/81.
history
St. Georg Monastery Church
When the Counts of Lauffen are said to have moved a presumed seat on the Kühburg in Wiesenbach to the nearby Dilsberg mountain fortress around 1140 , they are said to have donated their Wiesenbach property, including a monastery, to the Ellwangen monastery. However, recent research calls into question the Count's seat on the Kühburg. From Ellwangen, a provost's office was set up in Wiesenbach to manage the Ellwang monastery property in Kraichgau and on Bergstrasse, which had grown considerably through the takeover of the Lauffen aristocratic estate. During the expansion of the Wiesenbach monastery, in addition to the Propsteihof, a church dedicated to St. Georg built a monastery church and various farm buildings.
According to excavation findings, the monastery church was a three-aisled Romanesque basilica with a length of 41 meters and a width of 15 meters. A square choir was built to the east , under which there was a crypt , the vaulted ceiling of which was supported by four pillars and which were accessed from both side aisles via barrel-vaulted tunnels. To the west, the church had a double tower facade.
In 1370, the Ellwangen monastery was granted patronage rights for the parish church of St. Giles, which also existed in Wiesenbach, but later suffered its economic decline. Probably connected with this, the maintenance of the monastery church could only be financed to a limited extent, which was affected by a rise in the groundwater, the effects of war and a fire, and in the Gothic era only existed as a simple single-nave hall church . In 1482 the property in Ellwang came to the Schönau monastery . After the Reformation in the Electoral Palatinate , the monasteries were dissolved around 1560. The monastic estates came Administration or its under the administration of the Electoral clergy Schaffnerei in the former convent Lobenfeld which fell Wiesbacher monastery building.
Catholic Church of St. Michael
After 1688, as a result of the denominational development in the Electoral Palatinate, a Catholic parish was again established in Wiesenbach. The few Catholics in the village were initially looked after from Dilsberg , and from 1700 from Neckargemünd . When the Palatinate church was divided in 1707, the church (St. Agidius) and the rectory of the village were assigned to the Reformed community, while the Wiesenbach Catholics initially held their services in the Neckargemünder Rathaus (converted into a Catholic church in 1724/25, the predecessor building by St. Johannes Nepomuk ). In 1734 a Catholic school was founded in Wiesenbach. In the following year, the Catholic community was awarded the old monastery garden in Wiesenbach, where the provost and monastery church of St. Georg had once been, for the construction of a new Catholic church. Using stone material from the ruins there, they built a new building there, which was built in 1748 by the Würzburg auxiliary bishop Daniel Johann Anton von Gebsattel St. Michael was consecrated. The church was initially a simple hall church without a tower, the floor plan of which was based on the medieval monastery church.
Pastor Ziegler from Neckargemünd held services in the church on Sundays and public holidays, but was recalled from Neckargemünd in 1749. His successor Reuss was in poor health and was unable to perform church services in other places, so that the Wiesenbach Catholics had to return to Neckargemünd to attend church services despite the church being built on site. Efforts were made to find a chaplain to perform the services in Wiesenbach, but they did not have the necessary financial means. The situation only changed when the Catholic landowner and land clerk von Wrede from Langenzell began to support the development of the Catholic community. From 1760 a Dominican priest from Heidelberg held services in Wiesenbach. In August 1766, Wiesenbach was raised to an independent parish , to which the Bammental and Langenzell branches were subordinate. A parsonage was built for the pastor near the church. In 1776, the nave was extended by about seven meters to the west. The main entrance was moved from the west gable to the north side and the church received a roof turret .
The Catholic parish originally belonged to the diocese of Würzburg , came to the vicariate of Bruchsal in 1808 and to the newly founded archdiocese of Freiburg in 1827 and to the dean's office in Heidelberg and later to the dean's office in Kraichgau .
In 1896 a sacristy was added to the church. In 1912/13 the church and rectory were renovated, and a Catholic church was built in the Bammental branch at the same time. In 1920 the church and rectory received electric light, and in 1941 heating was installed in the church.
After the Second World War, the number of Catholics in Wiesenbach increased sharply due to the influx of refugees and other new citizens. As early as 1957, a more spacious new church was considered, but it was not yet possible to draw up any concrete plans in the following period, as the community finances were due to the construction of a Marienkapelle (1954/56), a kindergarten with a nurses' home (from 1957) and the necessary modernization of the rectory (1966 / 67) were exhausted. It was only from 1977 to 1981 that the church was expanded to include a modern southern extension at the site of the sacristy and a parish hall, which gave it its present form.
description
architecture
The church of St. Michael is located on the main street of Wiesenbach. The old nave is a simple, rectangular hall building with colored corner cuboids and a tiled hipped roof with attached roof turrets . The choir of the old nave faces east and is closed at right angles, while a gallery has moved in to the west of the old nave . Under the choir is the crypt of the old monastery church, which was exposed during the renovation work in 1977, but then backfilled with gravel and sealed. In the choir area there are three baroque wooden altars, under the gallery there is a small exhibition area on the history of the church.
To the south there is a larger, almost rectangular extension with 300 seats. The head of the Archbishop's Building Authority in Heidelberg, Manfred Schmitt-Fiebig, was in charge of the architectural management of the new building . The building materials ( reinforced concrete , lightweight concrete , Torkret plaster and wooden cladding) as well as the conical roof structure with the slate covering and the modern artistic design contrast with the baroque old church. The south wall of the extension building forms another choir area, around which the stalls are concentrically arranged , with inclined walls and a slightly arched apse in the middle . The church organ is set up on the east wall. Between the old nave and the extension there is a lower connecting tract, which allows access to the church in the east and west and connects the naves with arcade-shaped passages. To the east of the extension building, an L-shaped community center is again attached via a low intermediate wing.
Furnishing
On the eastern choir wall of the old church there is a baroque main altar, which is flanked by two also baroque side altars. The main altar was consecrated in 1748, the side altars are probably just as old. The main altar is dedicated to St. Consecrated to Michael , the side altars to Mary and Joseph . The altar paintings show the respective saints in oil paintings by Johann Georg Binder , whose workshop is considered for the production of all three baroque altars and their picture and figure decorations. The altars were originally more ornate, but part of the decoration was already lost during restorations around 1823. Its color scheme has also been changed several times, with the original blue, red and gold marbling being restored in the end.
The glass windows in the old choir go back to a foundation from 1876 and come from the Heidelberg glass painter Beuler. They show Peter (with key) and Paul (with book and sword).
The ceiling paintings of the old church date from around 1900 and were executed in the style of historicism by church painter Hoch from Neckargemünd. They show symbols of the passion such as the heart of Jesus , the handkerchief of Veronica and the pelican nourishing his young with his blood .
The new choir in the extension was designed by Klaus Ringwald , with the altar stone, ambo , candlestick, lecture cross and sedilies being coordinated with a large-format, ornate, gold-plated and silver-plated reredos in the symbolism of a tree of life .
The windows of the extension building were designed by Valentin Feuerstein and mostly show biblical scenes in blue, red and gold tones. In the new building there are also twelve medallions by Bernd Wissler , as well as two restored baroque statues of saints. Relics of Saints Sixtus , Asklepiodotus and Fulgentia , which were locked in the old main altar from the church consecration in 1748 to 1995, are kept in the new altar .
organ
The two-manual organ set up in the extension was built in 1983 by Egbert Pfaff in Überlingen, using some parts of an older organ from the adjacent former monastery church. The slider chest instrument has 18 stops on two manuals and pedal ; three registers are pre-prints, two registers (pedal) are extensions. The playing and stop actions are mechanical.
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
- annotation
- (VA D) = preliminary deduction of the register only treble side
Bells
Three bronze bells are hung in the roof turret, which was renewed during the conversion in 1977/81. The two smaller bells are from 1950, weigh 140 and 80 kilograms and are tuned to D sharp and F sharp. The larger bell dates from 1980, weighs 233 kilograms and has a c sharp '' strike. All bells come from Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling's Heidelberg bell foundry .
literature
- Günther Wüst: On the history of Wiesenbach and Langenzell , Wiesenbach 1970, pp. 218-231.
- Dietrich Lutz: First results of the archaeological investigations in the former Ellwangischen Propstei Wiesenbach, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis , in: Kraichgau. Contributions to landscape and local research , volume 7, 1981, pp. 41–60.
- Günther Wüst: St. Michael Wiesenbach - Guide through the Catholic parish church , Walldürn 1998.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Nicolai Knauer: The castles of the counts of Lauffen in the Neckar valley . In: Christhard Schrenk , Peter Wanner (eds.): Heilbronnica 5 . Sources and research on the history of the city of Heilbronn 20. Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 2013, p. 102 ( heilbronn.de [PDF; 2.9 MB ; accessed on February 21, 2014]).
- ↑ See the information on the organ
Coordinates: 49 ° 21 ′ 34.8 " N , 8 ° 48 ′ 33.6" E