Learning by doing

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Learning by Doing ( English for "learning by doing") is in addition to the learning on the model , the most common form of learning in the lifelong learning process.

history

The pedagogical term learning by doing was not coined by Friedrich Fröbel , Robert Baden-Powell or John Dewey , as is often assumed. According to the research of Michael Knoll, it comes from the English translation of the Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle . The expression became known in education primarily through the Didactica magna (1657/1858) by Johann Amos Comenius . The English Comenian Simon Somerville Laurie (1881), the American publicist Henry Barnard (1881) and the American Froebelian Francis Wayland Parker (1883) contributed to the further spread of the maxim.

The German educational reformist Georg Kerschensteiner used the term as early as 1904, the American educational philosopher John Dewey, who is mostly associated with the term, only used the term in 1911.

The expression became a slogan when, in the second half of the 19th century, physical activity, as opposed to mere memorization, became increasingly important in educational theory and in school practice.

method

In “learning by doing”, the social and cognitive learning content is used in public (in the Habermas sense). As in service learning, the public can be other pupils, school classes, schools or other institutions. In Youth Leadership , the public is every possible group that the leader accompanies into independence.

The aim of the approach is to enable and encourage citizens to act socially and politically. What has been learned should be applied in practice. As a result, the actors have experiences that they also reflect on in the process.

Compare also the pedagogical approaches of John Dewey , Paulo Freire , Hilbert Meyer and Adolf Reichwein .

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Knoll: Not Dewey, but Comenius. To the origin of the maxim "learning by doing". In: ders .: Dewey, Kilpatrick and "progressive" education. Critical studies on project pedagogy. Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2011, pp. 287–298.
  2. ↑ Aristotle: The Nicomachean Ethics. Based on the translation by Eugen Rohfes, edited by Günther Bien. 4th edition. Meiner, Hamburg 1985, pp. 27f.
  3. ^ A New Translation of the Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle. Vincent, Oxford 1826, p. 42.
  4. ^ Johann Amos Comenius: Didactica Magna [1657]. In: Klaus Schaller (Ed.): Selected works. Volume 1, Olms, Hildesheim 1973, p. 82.
  5. ↑ John Amos Comenius. In: American Journal of Education. 5, 1858, p. 290.
  6. ↑ Simon S. Laurie
  7. ^ Simon S. Laurie: John Amos Comenius: Bishop of the Moravians. His Life and Educational Works. Kegan Paul, London 1881, p. 116.
  8. ^ Henry Barnard (Ed.): Papers on Froebel's Kindergarten with Suggestions on Principles and Methods of Child Culture in Different Countries. 1881. American Journal of Education, Hartford 2010, pp. 199, 479, 646, 650. (Reprint)
  9. ^ Francis W. Parker: Notes of Talks on Teaching. Kellog, New York 1883, p. 38, see also pp. 22, 117, 163, 169, 181.
  10. ^ Georg Kerschensteiner: Vocational training and vocational school. Selected educational writings. Edited by Gerhard Wehle. Volume 1, Schöningh, Paderborn 1966, p. 100.
  11. ^ John Dewey: Education. [1911]. In: The Middle Works of John Dewey, 1899-1924. Vol. 6, Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale 1978, pp. 426, 450.