Ligurian Republic

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Northern and Central Italy in 1803

The Ligurian Republic ( Italian Repubblica Ligure ) was an Italian subsidiary republic established by French revolutionary exports , formed from the former aristocratic republic of Genoa , established on June 14, 1797, dissolved by incorporation into the French Empire on June 4, 1805.

In view of the French victories in the Northern Italian campaign of 1796/1797, which were decisive for the outcome of the First Coalition War , and under the massive military-political pressure that followed, the Republic of Genoa, under Doge Giacomo Maria Brignole, concluded a convention with General Bonaparte on June 6, 1797 , according to which their previous aristocratic constitution was transformed into a democratic one based on the French model; the republic was officially proclaimed on June 14, 1797. The new constitution (adopted by referendum on December 2, 1797) came into force at the beginning of 1798. A protective and defensive alliance offered the Ligurian Republic protection from the outside world, but at the same time made it completely dependent on France. The democratic constitution with a ruling five-member board of directors was restored in 1802, when a doge again took office. In 1805 Napoleon, already French emperor, dissolved the republic and, like the neighboring duchy of Parma, integrated it into his empire in the form of three departments . After the end of Napoleonic rule, Genoa tried to regain its statehood from April to December 1814, but due to the resolutions of the Congress of Vienna , it became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia .

Remarks

Flag of the Ligurian Republic

Variant of the flag of the Ligurian Republic (1797)

• The name of the republic goes back to the ancient name Liguria for the (much larger) area between the Alps, Po and the Gulf of Genoa and their inhabitants, the Ligurians ; the emperor Augustus set up a regional administrative unit called Liguria .
• The flag of the aristocratic republic showing the cross of St. George (continuous red bars on a white background, also the flag of the city of Genoa itself or of England) was retained by the Ligurian Republic and, in contrast to many other subsidiary republics of France, was not replaced by a tricolor . In the constitution of June 26, 1802, as well as in the legal texts of July 28, 1814, the flag is expressly mentioned as the national flag, but not in the constitutional edition of December 2, 1798, which only mentions the "old banner". At the beginning of the republic in 1797, variants of this flag could also have been used.