List of old Iranian festivals
The following list of old Iranian festivals contains traditional celebrations that go back to Zoroastrianism and some of them are still celebrated today by the Iranian peoples . They were usually celebrated on the name day of the respective month. The most important Iranian festivals include:
| Surname | date | Type of festival | Remarks | Illustration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khāneh Tekkāni | a kind of spring cleaning before Nouruz | thorough cleaning of the house, distribution of flowers and fragrances, wearing new clothes and blankets of the Haft Sin to receive the souls of the righteous | ||
| Chāhār Shanbeh Surī | Wednesday before Nouruz | Refractory | Celebration of the triumph of light over the darkness before Nouruz and thus before the equinox of spring; celebrated with bonfires on the eve of the last Wednesday of the Persian year | |
| Djaschn-e Nouruz | 1. Farwardin | The beginning of spring and the beginning of the Iranian New Year | New Year and Spring Festival for the spring equinox, beginning March 20 and 21, respectively; according Shahnameh first introduced by the king Jamshid , accordingly, in the Persian as Nouruze Dschamschidi and as Jamshed Nawroz-i in the parsing ; Cover the tablet Haft Sin ("Sieben S") as one of the essential Nouruz traditions including seven main components with symbolic meaning and a representation of the seven Amsha Spenta , corresponding to the first letter of the name Spenta. |
|
| Sisdah Bedar | 13th Farwardin (13th day after Nouruz) | Party outdoors | The last phase of the Nouruz festival, which is celebrated outdoors. Like the goldfish, the Nouruz green is released into the wild. |
|
| Farvardgān (Fravartîkân) - based on Fravashi | 19. Farwardin | Feast in memory of the righteous | According to Biruni, it was celebrated for a period of up to 10 days, with the rituals partly overlapping with those of the Nouruz festival. |
|
| Last or last 5 days of the year |
|
Time for reflection and an examination of conscience | ||
| Ordibeheschtgān | 3. Ordibehescht | Refractory | Visit the fire temples |
|
| Khordādgān | 6. Khordād | Waterproof | ||
| Djaschn-e Nilufar | 6. Tīr | summer party | Water lily festival |
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|
| Djaschn-e Tīrgān | 13. Tīr | Rainproof | Festival in honor of the deity Tishtrya. In the course of the territorial dispute between the countries of Iran and Turan , legend has it that the warrior Ārasch shot an arrow on the day of this festival, which established the border between the two peoples and ended the dispute. From then on, after a long drought, the rain started again. (July 1) | |
| Mordādgān | 7. Mordād | |||
| Shahriwargān | 4. Shahriwar | Refractory | Presumably from the Tochar people at the beginning of their cold season. For this purpose, great fires were kindled for worship. | |
| Djaschn-e Khazan | 8th Shahriwar (1st festival); 1st more (2nd party) | |||
| Djaschn-e Mehragān | 16. More | Autumn festival | Originally a six-day festival in memory of Mehr ( Mithras ), the epitome of wisdom, goodness, vigilance, sincerity and strength. Also a memory of King Fereydun's coronation after the successful liberation struggle against Zahak . |
|
| Ābāngān | 10. Ābān | Waterproof | Originally in honor of Anahita |
|
| Kusseh Barneschin | 1st Āzar | Festival of joy | ||
| Āzargān | 9. Āzar | Refractory | Decorating the fire temples and worshiping the fire | |
| Shab-e Yaldā or Shab-e Tschelleh | 30. Āzar | Birth of light , internalized by Mithras, winter equinox | Longest night of the year (December 21st) |
|
| Khorramruz (Chorramruz) (lit. happy day ) | 1. Dey (90 days before Nouruz) | Day on which the king sent his retinue away and, dressed in white, ate a great meal in the desert with the farmers and landowners in their honor. The festival can probably be traced back to Huschang and was celebrated in a big way. |
|
|
| Dibā Tsar | 8. Dey | |||
| Sīrsūr | 14. Dey | Garlic proof | Feast to drive out the Divs . It is said that Jamjid was defeated by the Divs that day. Therefore, a lot of garlic was used in the preparation of the dishes for this festival. |
|
| Dībmore | 15. Dey | Flower festival | Celebration for a peaceful end to the year. According to Biruni, it was celebrated by the general public, but not by the kings. On this day a figure in human form was formed from dough or flowers and placed behind the doors. In the evening lilies were smoked. It was believed that this would bring a year of leisure and inner peace and protect against crop failures and poverty. |
|
| Dībādin | 23. Dey | |||
| Bahman Djaneh | 2. Bahman | |||
| Djaschn-e Sadeh | 10. Bahman (50 days before Nouruz) | Fireproof, co-winter festival | Mid-winter festival, which was celebrated with large fires. The festival celebrates the importance of fire for people but also the victory of light over darkness. Sadeh goes back to Hushang, the second mythical king of the Pishdadians . |
|
| Bād-Ruz (lit. wind day ) | 22. Bahman | Windproof | Laying down work and happy partying combined with enjoying wine | |
| Ābrizān | 30. Bahman | Waterproof | Introduced by the Sasanid Peroz I (Firuz) out of joy at the rain after a long drought. |
|
| Mard-Griān | 5. Sepandarmazd (Esfand) | |||
| Gāhnbār | Six festivals a year to commemorate the six phases of creation of the world by Ahura Mazda (creation of heaven, earth, water, plants, animals and people) |
See also
literature
- Safa, Zabihollah . Gāh-Shomarī wa Jaschn-hā-ye Melli-ye Īrānīān . (Calendar and national festivals of the Iranians). Shurā-ye Ālī-ye Farhang o Honar, Tehran 1976 (1355)
Remarks
- ↑ according to the Zoroastrian calendar
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPKjO3OGDYI
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BS6yYb1mlu4
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELbJe3IXRqI&feature=related
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-X62xKbgn0k&feature=related
- ^ Jenny Rose: Zoroastrianism: An Introduction . IBTauris, 2014, ISBN 978-0-85773-548-5 ( google.de [accessed on March 22, 2017]).
- ↑ http://vcn.bc.ca/oshihan/images/Mehregan/MehreganTable.jpg , archived copy ( memento of the original from August 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a distinction was made between a Mehragān-e Kutschak (a small Mehragān festival) and a large, 21-day Mehragān festival (Mehragān-e Bozorg)
- ↑ http://minooka.files.wordpress.com/2008/12/16bj2b4.jpg
- ↑ sūr means "festival"
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7-ZQGwhVMkc&feature=fvw
