Hushang

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Illustration of a truncated prose version of Shahnameh Cashmere (18th c.); depicted is the mythical king Huschang

Hushang ( Persian هوشنگ Hūšang , also Haoschanha in Avesta ), also called Hushang Shah , the second king in Persian mythology , was supposed to play an important role in the development of mankind . He is the son of Sijāmak (also called "King of the Seven Lands") and grandson of Gayomarth . First, he avenged the death of his father by opposing Ahriman's son, the Black Demon , with a large army of fairies , leopards, tigers, lions, wolves and birds, defeating him, tying him up and cutting off his ugly head.

Hushang in Shahname - Legend II

Hushang ruled as Padishah for forty years . As a discreet and wise ruler, he continued the building up of human civilization begun by his father. Huschang discovered by chance by throwing a stone at a snake, where the stone hits a rock and makes a spark, the secret of how stones can be used to make fire . As a result of this knowledge, it became possible for him to use fire to produce iron from ore , from which axes, saws and hatchets could then be made. Hushang domesticated the first domestic animals such as cattle, donkeys and sheep for humans and gave people fur and leather for clothing. He also reclaimed land, sown seeds on the newly created fields and irrigated the fields. After the hunter-gatherer society , the first agrarian society emerged . Hushang gave the people the first laws, founded the state and is considered the first king of the "Iranians".

As a celebration of thanks, Huschang donated the Sede or Sadeh Fire Festival . He stipulated that from now on fire was holy and should be worshiped as the reflection of God the Creator of the world:

“The
Lord of the World before him who created the world, offered prayer and a cry of thanks,
That he gave light to such guidance;
Then he gave the fire to the judge,
saying: "A divine shine that is,
worship when you are wise." "

Hushang had a son named Tahmorath (also spelled Tahmuras), who succeeded him after 40 years on the throne.

After the basic theme of the epic, the struggle of good against evil, was introduced in Sage I, Sage II introduces a further component of Persian mythology, fire (atash) as the reflection of God. The veneration of the holiness of fire takes place in the Zoroastrian fire temples (atash kadeh) to this day.

literature

  • Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis: Persian Myths . Reclam, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-15-010399-1 .
  • Friedrich Rückert : Firdosi's Book of Kings (Schahname) Sage I-XIII. 1890. Reprint: epubli GmbH, Berlin, 2010, pp. 9-12
  • Stuart Cary Welch: Persian illumination from five royal manuscripts of the sixteenth century. Prestel-Verlag, Munich 1976, 2nd edition 1978, pp. 40–43 ("Huschang kills the Black Diw")
  • Uta von Witzleben : Firdausi: Stories from the Schahnameh. Eugen Diederichs Verlag, Düsseldorf and Cologne 1960, pp. 16–21 ( How Huschang and Kajumars moved out to fight with the black Diw, Ahriman's son ...).
  • Peter Lamborn Wilson , Karl Schlamminger: Weaver of Tales. Persian Picture Rugs / Persian tapestries. Linked myths. Callwey, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-7667-0532-6 , pp. 79-139 ( The Kings ), here: pp. 79 f. ( Hushang Shah ) and 94-103.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jürgen Ehlers (ed. And trans.): Abū'l-Qāsem Ferdausi: Rostam - The legends from the Šāhnāme . Philipp Reclam jun., Stuttgart 2002, p. 366 (quoted)
  2. ↑ Friedrich Rückert : Firdosi's King Book (Schahname) Sage I-XIII. 1890. Reprint: epubli GmbH, Berlin, 2010, p. 10f.
predecessor Office successor
Gayomarth King of Shahnameh 30-70
to Gayomarth 		Tahmorath