Messages to extraterrestrials
With Active SETI various projects are referred to, which aim to send information actively over the earth, nature and humanity, conscious and controlled any aliens or to leave. The English terms METI ( Messaging to Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence ) and Active SETI are often used for this.
Perhaps the most famous projects are the Voyager Golden Records (the two gold-plated data disks with images and sound recordings) and the Pioneer plaques . In addition to these deliberate but not targeted messages, messages are repeatedly sent to promising star regions via radio stations.
Researchers such as the astrophysicist Stephen Hawking and David Brin speculate that messages to aliens could also be associated with considerable risks. There are plans for a planetary defense . The San Marino scale was created to assess the risk of a transmitted signal . On the ten-point scale, the Arecibo message sent in 1974 would be level 8.
List of messages
This incomplete list gives an overview of messages that were given to possible alien recipients.
| Surname | Type | Date of sending (since) | target |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plantings proposed by Carl Friedrich Gauss in the form of the figure of the Pythagorean theorem | Optical signal | 19th century | moon |
| Possibly. Burning trenches in the form of geometric figures in the Sahara, proposed by Joseph Johann Littrow | Optical signal | 19th century | Venus , Mars |
| Charles Cros wanted to set up mirrors in Europe to communicate with possible Martians. | Light signal | 1869 | Mars |
| The Morse Message | Radio signal | 1962 | Venus |
| Pioneer badge on the interstellar space probes Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 | Badge on space probe | 1972 | Aldebaran (Pioneer 10) |
| Arecibo message | Radio wave signal | 1974 | Globular cluster M13 |
| Voyager Golden Record on the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 space probes | Data disk with image and audio information on space probe | 1976 | indefinite |
| Cosmic Call I. | Radio signal | 1999 | Stars close to the sun |
| Teen Age Message | Radio signal | 2001 | |
| Cosmic Call II | Radio signal | 2003 | Stars close to the sun |
| CosmicConnexion | Radio signal via parabolic antenna | 2006 | Errai |
| A Message from Earth | Radio signal | 2008 | Jean 581 |
| Across the universe | Radio signal | 2008 | Pole Star |
| Advertising message from the facilities of the European research program EISCAT | Radio signal | 2008 | 47 Ursae Majoris |
| Hello from Earth | Radio signal | 2009 | |
| Wow! Reply (in response to the wow! Signal ) | Radio signal | 2012 | Hipparcos 34511 , Hipparcos 33277 and Hipparcos 43587 |
literature
- Michael J. Crowe: The Extraterrestrial Life Debate. 1750-1900. Mineola (NY): Dover Publications, 1999.
- Harald Zaun: SETI. The scientific search for extraterrestrial civilizations. Opportunities, prospects, risks. Hanover: Heise, 2012.
Web links
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Warning from astrophysicist Hawking Spiegel online, April 25, 2010 (access = April 27, 2010); Is calling ET a smart move? physorg.com, January 29, 2010 (accessed on February 3, 2010), researchers warn of messages to extraterrestrials derStandard.at March 2, 2010, (access = March 3, 2010)
- ^ David Brin: The Dangers of First Contact pdf, accessed September 28, 2011
- ↑ The San Marino Scale ( Memento of the original from August 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; San Marino Scale Calculator ( Memento of the original from May 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. setileague.org; San Marino Scale en.wikipedia, accessed May 1, 2016
- ↑ Iván Almar, Paul H. shuch: The San Marino Scale: A new analytical tool for assesing transmission risk. Acta Astronautica, Vol.60, Issue 1, pp. 57-59, bibcode : 2007AcAau..60 ... 57A .
- ↑ Harald Zaun: SETI - the scientific search for extraterrestrial civilizations - opportunities, perspectives, risks. Heise, Hannover 2010, ISBN 978-3-936931-57-0 , p. 254; San Marino: Assessing Active SETI's Risk centauri-dreams.org, accessed February 22, 2011
- ↑ Gauss spoke to his former teacher Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann (1743–1815) about the communication options with alleged lunar inhabitants . . See EAW Zimmermann: Handbook of traveling or entertaining presentation of the discoveries of the 18 th century, in consideration of the countries and people Product customer. For every class of reader. Eighth year, second division for the year 1809. With 12 coppers and 1 card. Leipzig: Gerhard Fleischer d. J., 1809, pp. 58-59 (ideas about a correspondence with the selenites).
- ↑ Cros, Charles: Moyens de communication avec les planètes. In: Bulletin de la Société Astronomique de France et Revue Mensuelle d'Astronomie, de Météorologie et de Physique du Globe 11 (1897), pp. 368-378
- ↑ NASA Beams Beatles' 'Across the Universe' Into Space. January 31, 2008, accessed November 16, 2019 .
- ↑ Christoph Seidler: Buy chips, aliens! On: Spiegel Online (June 13, 2008).
