List of major earthquakes in Haiti

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Faults in Haiti

The following list of severe earthquakes in Haiti names the recorded significant earthquakes in Haiti since 1700. The present state of Haiti forms the western part of the island of Hispaniola between the islands of Puerto Rico and Cuba . In the eastern part of the island lies the larger Dominican Republic .

In the geographic longitude area of ​​the January 12, 2010 earthquake , the movement between the plates is divided into two major faults running from west to east: the Septentrional Fault in the north and the Enriquillo Plantain Garden Fault (Enriquillo -Plantain Garden Fault Zone, EPGFZ) in the south of the island. Earthquakes and the consequences of the earthquake may affect the area and population of both countries to different degrees.

overview

Significant earthquakes in Haiti since 1700
date Time Tsunami annotation epicenter coordinate Depth in km Magnitude
0November 9, 1701 * Haiti: Leogane, Petit Goave 18 ° 18 ′ 0 ″  N , 72 ° 24 ′ 0 ″  W.
September 15, 1751 Yes It is not certain whether this is an incorrectly dated rendering of the November 21st earthquake or whether that earthquake actually occurred on September 15th. The earthquake destroyed Port-au-Prince and caused subsidence off the coast. The seismic activity lasted for several months. The effects were felt as far as the Lesser Antilles . The main quake reached a magnitude ( M s ) of 8.0 Haiti: Port-Au-Prince 18 ° 30 ′ 0 ″  N , 72 ° 18 ′ 0 ″  W.
November 21, 1751 12:50 p.m. Yes * Haiti: Port-Au-Prince 18 ° 30 ′ 0 ″  N , 72 ° 18 ′ 0 ″  W.
0June 3, 1770 7:15 pm Yes * Haiti: Port-Au-Prince 18 ° 30 ′ 0 ″  N , 73 ° 24 ′ 0 ″  W. 7.5
March 1775 Yes * Haiti: Exact location unknown 19 ° 0 ′ 0 ″  N , 72 ° 24 ′ 0 ″  W.
December 18, 1775 Yes * Haiti: Exact location unknown 19 ° 0 ′ 0 ″  N , 72 ° 24 ′ 0 ″  W.
July 29, 1784 2:10 p.m. * Haiti: Petit Goave, Leogane, Port-Au-Prince 18 ° 30 ′ 0 ″  N , 72 ° 18 ′ 0 ″  W.
April 12, 1793 * Haiti: Santo Domingo (St Domingue) 19 ° 0 ′ 0 ″  N , 72 ° 18 ′ 0 ″  W.
0May 7, 1842 21 clock Yes Cap-Haitien was shaken by earthquakes with a magnitude (M s ) 8.1 at 5 p.m. The tremors killed 5,000 people in Cap-Haitien alone. The effects reached from Samana (Dominican Republic) to Mole St. Nicolas. The quake was also felt on the other side of the Windward Passage in the Sierra Maestra in Cuba and in the other Antilles Islands, such as Jamaica and Puerto Rico. The cities of Cap-Haitien, Santiago de los Caballeros , Port-de-Paix, Mole St. Nicolas and Fort Liberte were destroyed within a minute. A tsunami caused a lot of damage. The May 7th earthquake was devastating in Santo Domingo as well . Haiti: Cap-Haitien 19 ° 45 ′ 0 ″  N , 72 ° 12 ′ 0 ″  W. 8.1 (M s )
0April 8, 1860 11 clock Yes In Anse-à-Veau , 124 houses were razed to the ground, the tremors went from south-south-west to north-north-east. The shocks were also felt on ships in the port of Les Cayes and at sea, with a tsunami in the north of the peninsula. The bridge in Miragoane sank and in Petit Goave the residents left their homes. The effects of the quake were noticed in Leogane, Port Salut, St.-Marc and Jacmel. Haiti: Anse-à-Veau 18 ° 31 ′ 12 ″  N , 73 ° 21 ′ 0 ″  W.
May 19, 1864 Yes Intensity II (which implies roof damage, severe cracks in the ground and minor landslides); many houses were destroyed on the coast of Haiti. The earthquake is believed to have caused a tsunami that was felt in the port on the ship George Prescot . Haiti: Jacmel 18 ° 12 ′ 0 ″  N , 72 ° 21 ′ 0 ″  W.
September 23, 1887 12 o'clock Yes * Haiti: Mole Saint Nicolas 19 ° 42 ′ 0 ″  N , 74 ° 24 ′ 0 ″  W.
January 25, 1953 7:47 pm * Haiti 18 ° 24 ′ 0 ″  N , 73 ° 24 ′ 0 ″  W. 5.7
0March 2, 1994 3:38:38 am * Haiti: Saint-Louis Du Nord 19 ° 48 '10.8 "  N , 72 ° 47' 56.4"  W. 59 5.4 ( M w )
January 12, 2010 9:53:10 pm Yes When quake on 12 January 2010 the Government 300,000 people died estimates. Haiti: Port-Au-Prince 18 ° 27 '36 "  N , 72 ° 31' 48"  W. 13 7.0 ( M w )
0October 7, 2018 12:11:49 am The earthquake in Haiti in 2018 killed 18 people and injured over 500. Numerous buildings were damaged. Haiti: Port-de-Paix 20 ° 2 ′ 27.6 "  N , 72 ° 58 ′ 30"  W. 11.7 5.9 ( M w )
Source: NOAA Significant Earthquake Database

See also

literature

  • Great earthquakes in the island of Haiti In: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 2, 1912, pp. 174-179.
  • Karen Fay O'Loughlin, James F. Lander: Caribbean Tsunamis: A 500-Year History from 1498–1998. Springer, Berlin, New York (formerly Kluwer Acad. Publ.), 2003. pp. 85-86. ISBN 978-1-4020-1717-9

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Charles Lyell: XXVI-XXX . In: Principles of Geology, or The modern changes of the earth and its inhabitants considered as illustrative of geology ( English ), 11th edition, Volume Part 2, Murray, London 1875, pp. 1–179. (Reprint from D. Appleton and Company, New York, 1889).
  2. ↑ Alexis M. Perrey: Sur les tremblements de terre aux Antilles. . In: Memoires de L'Academie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Dijon . Year 1845–1846, 1847, pp. 325–392.
  3. ↑ a b J. Milne: Catalog of Destructive Earthquakes [7 to 1899 AD] . In: Report of the 81st Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science . , Portsmouth, London 1911, pp. 649-740.
  4. ^ John B. Shepherd, Lloyd L. Lynch: An earthquake catalog for the Caribbean, Part 1, the pre-instrumental period 1502-1900, presentation to the Steering Committee, Latin American and Caribbean Seismic Hazard Program ( English ) 1992.
  5. ↑ James F. Lander, Lowell W. Whiteside, Patricia A. Lockridge: A Brief History of Tsunamis in the Caribbean Sea . In: Science of Tsunami Hazards, the International Journal of the Tsunami Society . Volume 20, No. 2, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 2002, pp. 57-94.
  6. ↑ a b c Caribbean Tsunamis: A 500-Year History from 1498–1998. . Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands 2003.
  7. ^ J. Scherer: Great earthquakes in the island of Haiti . In: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America . Volume 2, No. 3, 1912, pp. 161-180.
  8. ↑ a b Stephen Taber: The great fault troughs of the Antilles . In: Journal of Geology . Volume 30, 1922, pp. 89-114.
  9. ↑ JB Campbell: Appendix I, Part A, Aguirre Nuclear Power Plant PSAR . In: Earthquake History of Puerto Rico ( English ). Weston Geophysical Research, Inc., Weston, Maryland 1971.
  10. ↑ L. Müller: Earthquake in Haiti . In: Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Erdkunde , Volume 8. Volume. K. Neumann, Berlin 1860, pp. 509-511.