Lloyd Arsenal
Lloydarsenal (Italian: Arsenale Lloyd) was initially the name of the Trieste repair shop (Altes Lloyarsenal) and then the shipyard of the Austrian Lloyd , which was opened in Triest-Sant'Andrea in 1861.
history
- Old loyalty arsenal
As early as December 1837, the steamship company of Österreichischer Lloyd, founded in 1836, decided to set up a workshop in a building of the old hospital (Lazaretto vecchio) for the maintenance and repairs of its ships at its headquarters in Trieste . This was enlarged in 1839 and equipped with new machines and formed the first Lloyd arsenal. In 1860, 800 workers were employed here under the direction of a senior engineer and 14 foremen.
- New loyalty arsenal
The company later decided to set up a large, modern shipyard in the Muggia Valley on the road to Servola, which, in addition to repairs, would also build new iron ships, including their propulsion engines. The project for the Lloyd arsenal , which was built on an area of 113,089 m² and whose name was derived from the Venetian arsenal , was created by the Danish architect Hans Christian Hansen ; the hydraulic structures were designed by Eduard Heider. Any additional building land required was wrested from the sea by backfilling. The foundation stone was laid on May 30, 1853 by Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian in the presence of the civil and military governor of Trieste Franz Emil Lorenz Wimpffen , while Karl Ludwig von Bruck gave the speech in Italian. Two medals were minted for the event, one of which bears the names of the then directors of the OIL: KL von Bruck, LM Brucker, E. Lutteroth and E. Morpurgo.
In 1861 the shipyard was completed with construction costs of 6.5 million guilders - of which the government paid 3 million. The importance of the Lloyd arsenal for the Austrian monarchy is also evidenced by the multiple visits by Emperor Franz Josef I during the construction phase.
Construction and equipment, building
The arsenal, which employed between 1,200 and 3,000 people depending on requirements, became an enormous economic factor for Trieste. In addition to large workshops, it also included a dry dock and a 241 meter long slipway for building new ships.
- Main entrance
The main entrance is designed as a four-storey tower with two side extensions. Four lion sculptures, created by the Trieste sculptor Giuseppe Capolino, are enthroned on the extensions.
- Administration building
Behind the main entrance is the magnificent administration building, which is up to four storeys high. This housed the offices and apartments for the shipbuilding and mechanical engineering director and an administrator.
- Slip and dry dock
For the shipyard, a section with stacks for 6 ships and a steam-operated slipway as well as a dry dock built using Santorin soil was installed.
- Workshops
In order to guarantee the mechanical and other equipment of the ships, all trades, such as a locksmith's shop, blacksmith's shop, carpentry, sailmaker's shop, and painting department were settled on the shipyard site. A foundry had been set up for metal processing and lathes, workbenches and drilling machines had been set up. A large crane was set up on the sea side of the Lloyd arsenal to move the boiler and machine parts.
Important new ships (selection)
The first ship designed and completed entirely in the Lloyd arsenal, the SS Austria (II), was launched on March 11, 1865. It was the first ship to be built entirely from iron and domestic materials and, at 1700 tons, the shipping company's largest ship to date. To mark the 50th anniversary of the Steamship Company, the launch of the three-masted steamship Imperator was celebrated on September 27, 1886 as part of a public festival. For the next and last anniversary of the ÖL, 1911, an important new ship was completed at the shipyard with the delivery of the Wien (III). With 7,357 GRT and an output of 10,000 PS (7,355 kW), she was the largest and most powerful ship in Austria to date.
Completion of the new ship
In the longer term, joint management of the shipping company and shipyard under one company roof had not proven to be sufficiently effective. This corporate structure, which was also unusual for large shipping companies internationally, had burdened Lloyd with additional costs and considerable administrative effort. At the end of the 19th century, the Lloyd arsenal was overtaken by the San Rocco shipyard and above all by the nearby St. Mark. Therefore, the ÖL closed its design department in 1911 and reduced the size of the arsenal to less than a third. The Vienna's sister ship , the Helouan , was the last ship to leave the shipyard on January 19, 1912. The ships Abbazia and Marienbad had previously been completed in 1911 . With a total of 125 ships, the Lloyd arsenal had delivered more than half of all 215 Lloyd ships to date. The future activity of the Lloyd arsenal was again limited to the mere repair and overhaul of the Lloyd ships using the dry dock. The shipbuilding activities were transferred to a new joint-stock company with a share capital of 5 million kroner , in which ÖL and Stabilimento tecnico , whose shipyard in San Rocco was incorporated into the company as a shipyard, held equal shares. The new joint-stock company was supposed to supply the new ships required for Lloyd and also serve the general market. A small part of the arsenal site was taken over by the Stabilimento tecnico, the much larger part was acquired by the state to expand the Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Hafen (porto nuovo), which is still in operation today .
literature
- Bruno Astori, Giuseppe Stefani: Il Lloyd Triestino. Contributo alla storia Italiana della navigazione marittima . Verona MCMXXXVIII - ANNO XVI [1938], Officine grafiche A. Mondadori
- Eduard Heider: The construction of the combined slip and dry dock in the new arsenal of the Austrian Lloyd in Trieste. A contribution about the use of the Santorini soil for hydraulic structures. Triester Lloyd, Triest 1856 ( BSB - digitized version )
- Österreichischer Lloyd (Ed.): Triest. Travel guide for visitors to this city and its surroundings . Trieste 1857
- S [aul] Formiggini et al. a .: Three days in Trieste . Letterpress of the Austrian Lloyd, Trieste 1858
- Journalistic Bureau of Österreichischer Lloyd (ed.): Seventy-five Years of Österreichischer Lloyd 1836–1911 . Austrian Lloyd, Trieste 1911
Web links
- Triester Lloyd (ital.)
- History of the establishment of the Lloyd arsenal (ital.)
- Tower of Lloyd (ital.)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Österreichischer Lloyd (Ed.): Triest. Travel guide for visitors to this city and its surroundings . 2nd, improved edition. Trieste 1860, p. 176
- ↑ Compare the arsenal of the Austrian Lloyd in Triest in: Allgemeine Bauzeitung 1857, p. 422–426 and the illustrations p. 129–134 ( digitized at ANNO - AustriaN Newspapers Online ).
- ↑ Leipziger Zeitung of June 3, 1853, p. 2752 ( Anno digitalisat ).
- ^ Wiener Zeitung of May 31, 1853, p. 1296 ( Anno digitalisat ).
- ↑ a b c Lloyd triestino: Dall'Adriatico al mondo. mostro del centocinquantenario. Lloyd triestino di navigazione, Trieste 1986, p. 225 ff.
- ↑ a b Österreichischer Lloyd (Ed.): Triest. Travel guide for visitors to this city and its surroundings . Trieste 1857, p. 44 f.
- ↑ Cf. Eduard Heider: The construction of the combined slip and dry dock in the new arsenal of the Austrian Lloyd in Trieste. A contribution about the use of the Santorini soil for hydraulic structures. Triester Lloyd, Triest 1856
- ^ Wiener Zeitung of March 24, 1912, p. 4 ( Anno digitized version )
- ↑ Publizistisches Bureau des Österreichischer Lloyd (Ed.): Seventy-five Years of Österreichischer Lloyd 1836–1911 . Österreichischer Lloyd, Triest 1911, pp. 138–141