Lluís Domènech i Montaner
Lluís Domènech i Montaner (born December 21, 1850 in Barcelona ; † December 27, 1923 there ) was a Catalan architect and politician . He started as a representative of historicism and became an outstanding representative of modernism .
Life
Lluis was the second son of Pere Domènech i Saló, a publisher, and Maria Montaner i Vila, from a wealthy family in Canet de Mar was born. After briefly studying mathematics and physics, he turned to architecture, which he studied in Barcelona and Madrid at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts . There he obtained his diploma on December 13, 1873. He then traveled to France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany and Austria to familiarize himself with the current trends in architecture.
In 1875, Domènech, together with his friend Josep Vilaseca , was appointed professor of topography and mineralogy at the newly founded architecture school in Barcelona, which he headed from 1900 to 1920. While Domènech exercised his parliamentary mandate in Madrid, Joan Torras i Guardiola acted as managing director from 1901 to 1905 . Through his 45 years of teaching, Domènech influenced several generations of Catalan architects.
The nationally conscious but conservative bourgeois architect was very interested in archeology and especially in the early Romanesque church buildings in Catalonia. This preoccupation with the historical legacy and the influence of tradition can also be felt in Domènech's architecture - but at the same time the striving for structural rationality and the fascination with the transparent medium of glass.
Lluís Domènech i Montaner died on December 27, 1923 in Barcelona.
Architectural work
With the publishing house Editorial Montaner i Simón (now Fundació Tàpies ), and for the World Expo Exposició Universal de Barcelona (1888) created buildings Gran Hotel Internacional , which was built in just 53 days, and the Castle of the Three Dragons was Domènech one of the Founder of modernist architecture and art. In the aforementioned Castell, he created a workshop for decorative and architectural arts in collaboration with the architect Antoni Gallissà .
His most creative creative period was the last years of the 19th and the first of the 20th century. During this time u. a. the Institut Pere Mata hospital in Reus , the residential and commercial buildings Casa Thomas and Casa Lleó Morera in Barcelona , the hospital complex Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and - as the highlight of his work - the concert building Palau de la Música Catalana (Palace of the Catalan Music). This building is considered to be his most innovative, daring and surprising work. It was awarded by the City Council of Barcelona in 1909 and 1997 together with the Hospital de Sant Pau to the UNESCO World Heritage declared.
Literary work
From his youth, Domènech was also active in literature. He wrote for the most important Catalan magazines such as La Renaixença , Lo Catalanista and Revista de Catalunya . In 1904 he founded his own weekly newspaper, El Poble Català . He also wrote books on art history and architecture and published political essays. His article “En busca d'una arquitectura nacional” (“In search of a national architecture”), published on February 28, 1878 in La Renaixença , is considered to be the founding manifesto of modern Catalan architecture.
As a publisher and editor of the Biblioteca Artes y Letras series , Domènech also promoted Catalan literature. From 1886 to 1897 Domènech also managed the publication of a monumental art history, a task in which Josep Puig i Cadafalch later replaced him.
Political commitment
Domènech was politically active from a young age. In 1870 he helped found the Jove Catalunya (Young Catalonia) and the Center Català . He separated from the latter group in 1887 and joined the Lliga de Catalunya , of which he became president in 1888. In 1891 he founded the Unió Catalanista , a party that enforced the foundations of Catalan autonomy. Domenech i Montaner was one of the organizers of the meeting, in March 1892 the "Bases de Manresa" (Principles of Manresa ) adopted a first Catalan constitutional project. Enemy with Francesc Cambó , who had changed from a fighter for Catalan autonomy to a conservative member of the government in Madrid, and disappointed in politics, he withdrew from it during the First World War.
Works
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (Barcelona)
- Palau de la Música Catalana (Barcelona)
- Gran Hotel Internacional (Barcelona)
- Casa Fuster (Barcelona)
- Casa Lamadrid (Barcelona)
- Casa Lleó Morera (Barcelona)
- Casa Thomas (Barcelona)
- Castell dels Tres Dragons (Museu de Zoologia, Barcelona)
- Editorial Montaner i Simón (Barcelona)
- Palacio Ramón Montaner (Barcelona)
- Ateneu Obrer ( Canet de Mar , Province of Barcelona)
- Castell de Santa Florentina (Canet de Mar, Province of Barcelona)
- Casa Roure / Ca la Bianga (Canet de Mar, Province of Barcelona)
- Restaurante la Misericòrdia (Canet de Mar, Province of Barcelona)
- Casa Solà Morales ( Olot , Province of Barcelona)
- Casa Gasull ( Reus , Tarragona Province )
- Casa Navàs (Reus, Tarragona Province)
- Casa Rull (Reus, Tarragona Province)
- Pere Mata Institute (Reus, Tarragona Province)
- Cementerio de Comillas ( Comillas , Cantabria )
- Fuente de los Tres Caños (Comillas, Cantabria)
- Universidad Pontificia (Comillas, Cantabria)
literature
- Manfred Sack , Hisao Suzuki: Palau de la Música Catalana, Barcelona. Lluís Domènech i Montaner , Edition Axel Menges , Fellbach, 1996 (German / English).
- Lluís Domènech i Girbau: Domènech i Montaner , Ediciones Polígrafa, Barcelona, 1994 (English). Photographs by Melba Levick.
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Domènech i Montaner, Lluís |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Domènech, Lluís |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Spanish architect |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 21, 1850 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Barcelona |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 27, 1923 |
| Place of death | Barcelona |