Loba de Pennautier

Loba de Pennautier ( prov: Na Loba de Puègnautièr , French: La Louve de Pennautier , German: the she-wolf of Pennautier ) was an Occitan noblewoman in the county of Carcassonne ( Pennautier , Dept. Aude ), who in the last decade of the 12th century in Center of courtly courtship of several feudal lords and troubadours has been.

Loba and the Troubadours

View of two of the four Lastours castles

Loba is known from the medieval prosavites ( vida ) of the troubadours Peire Vidal and Raimon de Miraval , from whom she was courted and sung about. After that she was a daughter of Raymond de Pennautier and married to one of the gentlemen of Cabaret (Lastours) . She is described as extremely honorable, generous and beautiful, which is why she attracted the benign wooing of many noble gentlemen such as Count Raimund Roger von Foix , Messrs. Olivier de Saissac , Pierre Roger de Mirepoix and Aimery de Montréal as well as the two troubadours mentioned . In the competition for her favor, Peire Vidal went so far that he began to call himself "wolf", added a wolf to his coat of arms and, disguised in a wolf's skin, was hunted by sheepdogs through the mountains around Cabaret. He was so badly beaten up that, much to the amusement of the castle mistress and her husband, he had to be nursed back to health at Cabaret. But Loba had given her supposedly highest favor to the poor knight Miraval, who through his poetry spread her reputation as an impeccable and charming lady beyond the borders of her native Carcassès, for which his "most honored" (mais d'amic) even granted him a kiss .

Finally, Loba's reputation suddenly turned into its opposite when her erotic affair with the Count of Foix became public. With that she had forfeited her honor and the friendship of her peers, because according to the rules of courtly love, a lady who had taken a nobleman as her lover was considered dead to them. Peire Vidal immediately turned away from Loba with derisive verses and went to the court of Margrave Boniface I of Montferrat , where he found a new patron in his sister. Raimon de Miraval, on the other hand, intended to repay the betrayal of his love with a betrayal of hers by initially appearing in his verses as a defender of her honor. After enjoying her grateful favor for a while, he finally refused her love service in order to offer it to the younger Vice Countess von Minerve .

Selected verses

VIDAL, Song No. 22, verses 41-48 Mas ja nos cug hom qu'eu m'abais pels rics, sis tornon sordejor, qu'us fis jois me capdel 'em nais quem te jauzent en gran doussor em sojorn' en fin 'amistat de leis qui plus mi ven en grat: e si voletz saber quals es, demandatz la en Carcasses.

0 But my courage should never diminish, whether the great ones are lost too, for a joy sweet and good moves my heart with gentle woes, and their friendship makes me rich, none of them comes close in grace; and do you want to know who I mean? she has to be in Carcassonne.

VIDAL Song No. 9, verses 41-48 E si tot lop m'appellatz, no m'o tenh a dezonor, ni sim cridan li pastor ni sim sui per lor cassatz: et am mais bosc e boisso no fauc palaitz ni maizo, no fanc joi li er mos treus entre gel e vent e neus.

0 Whether I am scolded by the wolf , it cannot be a shame, the shepherds chase me like wild animals through the hallway and grove . I prefer bush and forest than staying in a palace; whether it rains, storms or snows, I am gladly consecrated to her.

VIDAL Song No. 2, verses 41-49 Quel cor ai tan felo vas leis qu'anc mala fos, quar per un comte ros m'a gitat a bando. bem par que loba es; quar ab comte s'empres es part d'emperador, qui a fag sa lauzor per tot lo mon saber

0 My heart is evil against those who have always been bad, for for the sake of a red count has given herself up to me. Wol shows that she is a she-wolf, because she got involved with a count and separates from the emperor, who has spread her praise all over the world '.

identity

The historical person behind the lyric loba is difficult to determine. In the 13th century in particular, there were several members of a knightly family called Pennautier, whose genealogical assignment to each other is unclear. But apart from the vidas , a lady named Loba does not appear. The name is likely to have been used by the verse writers as an alias , especially since the term "she-wolf" (Loba) was commonly used in the Middle Ages as a synonym for a prostitute with negative connotations .

A knight named Raymond de Pennautier, who was one of the documented witnesses of the marriage contract between Jourdain de Cabaret and the Orbrisse de Durban in January 1211, is guaranteed . This Raymond is considered to be identical to a Loubat de Pennautier, which appears in the document system of Bishop Arnaud of Carcassonne. Raymond-Loubat had a son named Guilhem Peire Loubat and three daughters named Blanca, Pulla and Auda. The latter became the wife of the knight Arnaud d'Aragon, who took part in the Trencavel revolt as Faydit in 1240 and died in exile in Spain around 1262. Auda de Pennautier and Arnaud d'Aragon had two daughters, Aladaïs and Mabilia, of whom the latter became the second wife of Jourdain de Cabaret around 1226.

Auda de Pennautier is therefore recognized as the person behind the "she-wolf", who was actually the mother-in-law and not the wife of the Lord of Cabaret.

additional

• The musical Na Loba Crosada 1209 thematizes their history.
• The rose plant "Loba de Pennautier" was named after her, as was the "Théâtre Na Loba" in Pennautier.
• The fictional character "Loba the she-wolf" from the historical novels of the German author Peter Berling ( The Children of the Grail 1991, The Heretic 2000) shows some character parallels to her.

literature

• Karl Bartsch, Peire Vidal's songs. Berlin, 1857.
• Louis de Santi, La Louve de Pennautier, a propos de l'ouvrage de MP Andraud sur le troubadour Raimon de Miraval, in: Revue des Pyrénées et de la France méridionale, Vol. 16 (1904), pp. 359-369.
• Rita Lejeune , La Louve de Pennautier, in: Le Moyen âge , Vol. 49 (1939), pp. 233-249.

Remarks

1. ↑ Present in the original Provencal text in Histoire générale de Languedoc , Vol. 10 (1885), pp. 271–273 (Vidal), pp. 273–278 (Miraval); and as a translation into English by Ida Farnell, The lives of the troubadours. London, 1896, pp. 80-89 (Vidal), pp. 178-195 (Miraval).
2. ↑ See Bartsch, pp. 44f, [translation, pp. XLV-XLVI].
3. ↑ See Bartsch, p. 24, [translation p. L].
4. ↑ See Bartsch, p. 8f, [translation p. LVII].
5. ↑ See Alphonse Mahul, Cartulaire et archives des communes de l'ancien diocèse et de l'arrondissement administratif de Carcassonne, Vol. 3 (1857), p. 37.
6. ↑ See De Santi, p. 369.