Raimon de Miraval

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Raimon de Miraval. Bibliothèque nationale de France , MS fr. 12473, fol. 52v.

Raimon de Miraval ( German  Raimund von Miraval ; † after 1229) was an Occitan trobador whose creative phase fell in the last decades of the 12th and the first decade of the 13th century.

In his vida , Raimon is described as a "poor knight from the Carcassés" (paubres cavalliers de Carcasses) , who could only call a quarter of the family castle of Miraval ( Miraval-Cabardès ) his own. The participation of all sons in equal parts in the inheritance of a family was the legal custom in the countries south of the Loire , but could lead to the individual impoverishment of the individual, especially in large families, who could escape by joining the court of a patronizing prince . Raimon was married to Trobairitz Gaudairenca, whose works are now lost. His date of birth cannot be determined exactly. The year 1135 assumed by Paul Andraud was contradicted at an early stage and instead set in the second half of the 12th century.

The lords of Miraval were feudal vassals of the Vice Counts of Carcassonne from the House of Trencavel , but Raimon joined the court of the generous Count Raimund VI. from Toulouse , who was a patron of Provençal poetry and music and made Toulouse a center of love poetry of his time. With the count, who tried his hand at poetry, Raimon was in the closest friendship and familiarity throughout his life. Each of them fueled the other as muse "Audiart" in the poetic inspiration. Furthermore, he had directed several works to the alias "Pastoret", behind which the people of Raimund Roger Trencavel or Raimund Roger von Foix are supposed. Raimon is known today as one of the most prolific poets of the court of Toulouse; no less than thirty-nine chansons , five sirventes , as well as a few tensons and domnejaire have come down to us. Countess Eleonore , Vice Countess von Minerve , Azalais von Boissazon, Ermengarda von Castres la bela d'Albeges and the “she-wolf” von Pennautier , his Mais d'amic, were among the numerous ladies sung about in the minnlichen .

With the start of the Albigensian Crusade in 1209, the days of the Minnehöfe in Occitania came to an end. Their singers either went into exile or took part in the fight against the northern French crusaders of Simon von Montfort . Raimon remained loyal to Count Raimund's side, which is why he lost his native Miraval after its capture by the Crusaders in 1211, whereupon he renounced poetry forever. From then on he served Count Raimund as negotiator with King Peter II of Aragón , also a patron of poetics with whom he was very popular. The alliance between Aragón and Toulouse, which Raimon helped shape, experienced a disastrous defeat in the Battle of Muret in 1213 in which King Peter was killed. From around 1216 Raimon spent the last years of his life in exile in Catalonia , where, according to a medieval vita, he died in a religious institution in Lleida . The often mentioned period of his death between 1216 and 1218 is countered by a document from 1229, among whose witnesses Raimon de Miraval is named.

Movie

  • Raimon's Chansoneta farai vencut recorded by the Ensemble Convivencia was used for the soundtrack for the US historical film Kingdom of Heaven (2005) by Ridley Scott .

literature

  • Paul Andraud: La vie et l'œuvre du troubadour Raimon de Miraval. Paris, 1902.
  • Rudolf Zenker : Reviews: La vie et l'œuvre du troubadour Raimon de Miraval. In: Journal for Romance Philology. Vol. 29 (1905), pp. 346-358.
  • Fritz Bergert: The women named or celebrated by the troubadours. Hall, 1913.
  • Joaquim Miret i Sans: Inquesta sobre el torvador Vilarnau amb algunes noves de Guillem de Bergadà, Ramon de Miraval i Guillem de Mur. In: Revue Hispanique. 46: 249-266 (1919).
  • Leslie Thomas Topsfield: Raimon de Miraval and the Art of Courtly Love. In: The Modern Language Review. 51: 33-41 (1956).

Remarks

  1. ↑ See Histoire générale de Languedoc . 4th Edition, Vol. 10 (1885), pp. 273-278.
  2. ↑ See Andraud, p. 23; Zenker, p. 348 f.
  3. ↑ See Andraud, pp. 45–51; Zenker, p. 350 f.
  4. ↑ See Andraud, p. 217.
  5. ↑ See Miret i Sans, pp. 262–264.
personal data
SURNAME Raimon de Miraval
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Raymond of Miraval; Ramon de Miraval
BRIEF DESCRIPTION troubadour
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
DATE OF DEATH after 1229