Lord Great Chamberlain

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David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley in the ceremonial court uniform and with the white staff of the Lord Great Chamberlain (1992)

The office of Lord Great Chamberlain of England is the sixth among the Great Officers of State and ranks between that of Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal and that of Lord High Constable . The Lord Great Chamberlain as a civil servant should not be confused with the Lord Chamberlain of the Household , who, on the other hand, is a court official.

The Lord Great Chamberlain once held office as chief chamberlain of the Palace of Westminster with the House of Commons and the House of Lords as chambers of the British Parliament. He led the Sword of State in Parliament and opened and closed the sessions. In 1965 the parliament decided that both chambers should take responsibility for their own rooms. These have since been administered by the Lord Speaker and the Lord Chancellor . The Lord Great Chamberlain still plays an important role in the coronation of British monarchs , where he leads the dressing of the aspirant to the throne before the ceremony, supervises the handing of the insignia at the coronation and hands the water to the new ruler at the coronation banquet.

History of the office

The office of state is hereditary and was once transferred from King Henry I of England to Robert Malet , son of one of the leading companions of William the Conqueror, soon after his accession to the throne in 1100 . The last document signed by Robert Malet was dated February 13, 1105, after which there is no trace of him. In 1133 King Henry transferred the office of Lord Great Chamberlain to Aubrey de Vere , whose son of the same name continued the office in 1141 and was made Earl of Oxford . The office remained in personal union with this earl title until 1526 (with the exception of a few years when the title was temporarily revoked due to high treason and the office was suspended).

When John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford , died childless in 1526 , an inheritance was divided. His closest relatives and heirs to a substantial part of his fortune were his three sisters Dorothy, Elizabeth and Ursula. The earl title, however, fell to his closest male relative, his second cousin John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford . The hereditary office was then assumed by the Crown and King Henry VIII appointed the 15th and 16th Earl of Oxford as Lord Chamberlain for life only .

It was not until Queen Maria I confirmed that the office was hereditary to the 16th Earl of Oxford. When Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford , died childless in 1626 , the estate was again divided between his closest relatives, his half-sisters and their heirs, while the earl title was given to his closest male relative, his second cousin Robert de Vere, 19th century Earl of Oxford , fell. The House of Lords then decided to transfer the office of Chamberlain to the son of his father's sister, Robert Bertie, 14th Baron Willoughby de Eresby . This was also raised to the Earl of Lindsey .

The Earls of Lindsey, later Dukes of Ancaster and Kesteven , remained in office until the 4th Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven died in 1779, leaving two sisters as female and one uncle as male heirs. The uncle then became the 5th Duke, but the House of Lords decided that the sisters Priscilla (who would later become the 21st Baroness Willoughby de Eresby ) and Georgiana (wife of George Cholmondeley, 1st Marquess of Cholmondeley ) jointly hold the office of Lord Great Chamberlain was awarded and they were given the right to appoint an alternate to perform their duties.

The portion of the office of Priscilla was divided between two of their granddaughters in 1870, after two generations of male heirs, and was divided several times in the decades that followed. The share of Georgiana, however, has repeatedly been taken over by a single male heir who, as the successor to Georgiana's husband, carried the title of Marquess of Cholmondeley .

The office of Lord Great Chamberlain can only be exercised by a single person with regard to the associated ceremonial tasks on specific occasions. The various people who hold shares in the Chamberlainship de facto form a community of heirs in which the right, on a specific occasion such as B. to exercise the office of the coronation celebrations, rotates between three families. In two of these families, the right lies with one person each (Marquess of Cholmondeley and Baroness Willoughby de Eresby), the share of the Marquess of Lincolnshire is divided between a total of 12 heirs, who must agree accordingly on who may exercise the office. The Marquesses of Cholmondeley hold half of the office and can therefore exercise the office or appoint a deputy on every other occasion.

The House of Lords Act 1999 abolished the regulation that hereditary peer titles automatically entitle to a seat in the House of Lords. The respective holders of the office of Lord Great Chamberlain and Earl Marshal remained exempt , so that they can continue to carry out their ceremonial functions.

Lords Great Chamberlain 1485 – today

Years Owner of the Lord Great Chamberlainship proportion of
1100-1105 Robert Malet 1
1133-1141 Aubrey de Vere 1
1133-1141 Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford 1
1194-1214 Aubrey de Vere, 2nd Earl of Oxford 1
1214-1221 Robert de Vere, 3rd Earl of Oxford 1
1221-1263 Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford 1
1263-1296 Robert de Vere, 5th Earl of Oxford , forfeited 1265 (thereafter unexplained, probably vacant) 1
1296-1331 Robert de Vere, 6th Earl of Oxford , (actually heir to the office, actually probably vacant) 1
1331-1360 John de Vere, 7th Earl of Oxford , was restored to office 1
1360-1371 Thomas de Vere, 8th Earl of Oxford 1
1371-1392 Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of Oxford 1
1392-1400 Aubrey de Vere, 10th Earl of Oxford 1
1400-1417 Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford 1
1414-1462 John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford 1
1485-1513 John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford 1
1513-1526 John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford 1
1526-1540 John de Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford 1
1540-1562 John de Vere, 16th Earl of Oxford 1
1562-1604 Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford 1
1604-1625 Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford 1
1626-1642 Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey 1
1642-1666 Montagu Bertie, 2nd Earl of Lindsey 1
1666-1701 Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey 1
1701-1723 Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven 1
1723-1742 Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven 1
1742-1778 Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven 1
1778-1779 Robert Bertie, 4th Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven 1
1780-1828 Priscilla Bertie, 21st Baroness Willoughby de Eresby 1/2
Georgiana Cholmondeley, Marchioness of Cholmondeley 1/2
1828-1838 Peter Drummond-Willoughby, 22nd Baron Willoughby de Eresby 1/2
Georgiana Cholmondeley, Marchioness of Cholmondeley 1/2
1838-1865 Peter Drummond-Willoughby, 22nd Baron Willoughby de Eresby 1/2
George Cholmondeley, 2nd Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1865-1870 Albyric Drummond-Willoughby, 23rd Baron Willoughby de Eresby 1/2
George Cholmondeley, 2nd Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1870 Albyric Drummond-Willoughby, 23rd Baron Willoughby de Eresby 1/2
William Cholmondeley, 3rd Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1870-1879 Clementine Elizabeth, 24th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby 1/4
Charlotte Augusta Wynn-Carington, Baroness Carington 1/4
William Cholmondeley, 3rd Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1879-1884 Clementine Elizabeth, 24th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby 1/4
Robert Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire 1/4
William Cholmondeley, 3rd Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1884-1888 Clementine Elizabeth, 24th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby 1/4
Robert Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire 1/4
George Cholmondeley, 4th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1884-1910 Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 1st Earl of Ancaster 1/4
Robert Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire 1/4
George Cholmondeley, 4th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1910-1923 Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 2nd Earl of Ancaster 1/4
Robert Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire 1/4
George Cholmondeley, 4th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1923-1928 Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 2nd Earl of Ancaster 1/4
Robert Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire 1/4
George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1928-1951 Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 2nd Earl of Ancaster 1/4
Marjorie Cecilia Wilson, Baroness Nunburnholme 1/20
Lady Alexandra Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Ruperta Legge, Countess of Dartmouth 1/20
Derek Keppel, Viscount Bury 1/20
Lady Victoria Weld-Forester 1/20
George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1951-1953 Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster 1/4
Marjorie Cecilia Wilson, Baroness Nunburnholme 1/20
Lady Alexandra Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Ruperta Legge, Countess of Dartmouth 1/20
Derek Keppel, Viscount Bury 1/20
Lady Victoria Weld-Forester 1/20
George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1953-1955 Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster 1/4
Marjorie Cecilia Wilson, Baroness Nunburnholme 1/20
Lady Alexandra Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Ruperta Legge, Countess of Dartmouth 1/20
Derek Keppel, Viscount Bury 1/20
Lady Victoria Weld-Forester 1/20
George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1955-1963 Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster 1/4
Marjorie Cecilia Wilson, Baroness Nunburnholme 1/20
Anthony Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Ruperta Legge, Countess of Dartmouth 1/20
Derek Keppel, Viscount Bury 1/20
Lady Victoria Weld-Forester 1/20
George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1963-1966 Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster 1/4
Marjorie Cecilia Wilson, Baroness Nunburnholme 1/20
Anthony Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Lady Mary Findlay 1/100
Lady Elizabeth Basset 1/100
Lady Diana Matthews 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Josceline Chichester, Marchioness of Donegall 1/100
Derek Keppel, Viscount Bury 1/20
Lady Victoria Weld-Forester 1/20
George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1966-1968 Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster 1/4
Marjorie Cecilia Wilson, Baroness Nunburnholme 1/20
Anthony Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Lady Mary Findlay 1/100
Lady Elizabeth Basset 1/100
Lady Diana Matthews 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Josceline Chichester, Marchioness of Donegall 1/100
Derek Keppel, Viscount Bury 1/20
Sir Edward Legge-Bourke 1/20
George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1968 Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster 1/4
Charles John Wilson, 3rd Baron Nunburnholme 1/20
Anthony Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Lady Mary Findlay 1/100
Lady Elizabeth Basset 1/100
Lady Diana Matthews 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Josceline Chichester, Marchioness of Donegall 1/100
Derek Keppel, Viscount Bury 1/20
Sir Edward Legge-Bourke 1/20
George Cholmondeley, 5th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1968 Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster 1/4
Charles John Wilson, 3rd Baron Nunburnholme 1/20
Anthony Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Lady Mary Findlay 1/100
Lady Elizabeth Basset 1/100
Lady Diana Matthews 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Josceline Chichester, Marchioness of Donegall 1/100
Derek Keppel, Viscount Bury 1/20
Sir Edward Legge-Bourke 1/20
Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1968-1970 Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster 1/4
Charles John Wilson, 3rd Baron Nunburnholme 1/20
Anthony Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Lady Mary Findlay 1/100
Lady Elizabeth Basset 1/100
Lady Diana Matthews 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Josceline Chichester, Marchioness of Donegall 1/100
Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle 1/20
Sir Edward Legge-Bourke 1/20
Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1970-1973 Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster 1/4
Charles John Wilson, 3rd Baron Nunburnholme 1/20
Anthony Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Lady Mary Findlay 1/100
Lady Elizabeth Basset 1/100
James Hamilton-Russell 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Josceline Chichester, Marchioness of Donegall 1/100
Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle 1/20
Sir Edward Legge-Bourke 1/20
Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1973-1974 Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster 1/4
Charles John Wilson, 3rd Baron Nunburnholme 1/20
Anthony Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Lady Mary Findlay 1/100
Lady Elizabeth Basset 1/100
James Hamilton-Russell 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Josceline Chichester, Marchioness of Donegall 1/100
Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle 1/20
William Legge-Bourke 1/20
Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1974-1983 Gilbert Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster 1/4
Ben Charles Wilson, 4th Baron Nunburnholme 1/20
Anthony Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Lady Mary Findlay 1/100
Lady Elizabeth Basset 1/100
James Hamilton-Russell 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Josceline Chichester, Marchioness of Donegall 1/100
Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle 1/20
William Legge-Bourke 1/20
Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1983-1990 Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby 1/4
Ben Charles Wilson, 4th Baron Nunburnholme 1/20
Anthony Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Lady Mary Findlay 1/100
Lady Elizabeth Basset 1/100
James Hamilton-Russell 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Josceline Chichester, Marchioness of Donegall 1/100
Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle 1/20
William Legge-Bourke 1/20
Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1990 Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby 1/4
Ben Charles Wilson, 4th Baron Nunburnholme 1/20
Julian Palmer 1/20
Lady Mary Findlay 1/100
Lady Elizabeth Basset 1/100
James Hamilton-Russell 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Josceline Chichester, Marchioness of Donegall 1/100
Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle 1/20
William Legge-Bourke 1/20
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1990-1995 Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby 1/4
Ben Charles Wilson, 4th Baron Nunburnholme 1/20
Julian Palmer 1/20
Lady Mary Findlay 1/100
Lady Elizabeth Basset 1/100
James Hamilton-Russell 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Josceline Chichester, Marchioness of Donegall 1/100
Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle 1/20
William Legge-Bourke 1/20
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1995-1998 Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby 1/4
Ben Charles Wilson, 4th Baron Nunburnholme 1/20
Julian Palmer 1/20
Lady Mary Findlay 1/100
Lady Elizabeth Basset 1/100
James Hamilton-Russell 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Patrick Chichester, Earl of Belfast 1/100
Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle 1/20
William Legge-Bourke 1/20
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
1998-2000 Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby 1/4
Lorraine Mary Charmian Nicole Wilson 1/80
Tatiana Ines Alexandra Dent 1/80
Ines Monica Garton 1/80
Ysabel Wilson 1/80
Julian Palmer 1/20
Lady Mary Findlay 1/100
Lady Elizabeth Basset 1/100
James Hamilton-Russell 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Patrick Chichester, Earl of Belfast 1/100
Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle 1/20
William Legge-Bourke 1/20
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
2000 Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby 1/4
Lorraine Mary Charmian Nicole Wilson 1/80
Tatiana Ines Alexandra Dent 1/80
Ines Monica Dent 1/80
Ysabel Wilson 1/80
Julian Palmer 1/20
Lady Mary Findlay 1/100
Peter Francis Basset 1/100
James Hamilton-Russell 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Patrick Chichester, Earl of Belfast 1/100
Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle 1/20
William Legge-Bourke 1/20
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
2000-2002 Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby 1/4
Hon. Lorraine Wilson 1/80
Hon. Tatiana Dent 1/80
Hon. Ines Garton 1/80
Hon. Ysabel Wilson 1/80
Julian Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Lady Mary Findlay 1/100
Bryan Basset 1/100
James Gustavus Hamilton-Russell 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Patrick Chichester, Earl of Belfast 1/100
Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle 1/20
William Legge-Bourke 1/20
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
2002-2003 Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby 1/4
Hon. Lorraine Wilson 1/80
Hon. Tatiana Dent 1/80
Hon. Ines Garton 1/80
Hon. Ysabel Wilson 1/80
Nicholas Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Lady Mary Findlay 1/100
Bryan Basset 1/100
James Gustavus Hamilton-Russell 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Patrick Chichester, Earl of Belfast 1/100
Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle 1/20
William Legge-Bourke 1/20
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
2003-2009 Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby 1/4
Hon. Lorraine Wilson 1/80
Hon. Tatiana Dent 1/80
Hon. Ines Garton 1/80
Hon. Ysabel Wilson 1/80
Nicholas Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Cdr. Jonathan Findlay 1/100
Bryan Basset 1/100
Col. James Gustavus Hamilton-Russell 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Patrick Chichester, 8th Marquess of Donegall 1/100
Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle 1/20
Capt. William Nigel Henry Legge-Bourke 1/20
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
2009-2010 Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby 1/4
Hon. Lorraine Wilson 1/80
Hon. Tatiana Dent 1/80
Hon. Ines Garton 1/80
Hon. Ysabel Wilson 1/80
Nicholas Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Cdr. Jonathan Findlay 1/100
Bryan Basset 1/100
Col. James Gustavus Hamilton-Russell 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Patrick Chichester, 8th Marquess of Donegall 1/100
Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle 1/20
Capt. Harry Russell Legge-Bourke 1/20
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
2010-2013 Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby 1/4
Hon. Lorraine Wilson 1/80
Hon. Tatiana Dent 1/80
Hon. Ines Garton 1/80
Hon. Ysabel Wilson 1/80
Nicholas Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Cdr. Jonathan Findlay 1/100
David Francis Basset 1/100
Col. James Gustavus Hamilton-Russell 1/100
Lady Barbara Kwiatkowski 1/100
Patrick Chichester, 8th Marquess of Donegall 1/100
Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle 1/20
Capt. Harry Russell Legge-Bourke 1/20
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2
2013– Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby 1/4
Hon. Lorraine Wilson 1/80
Hon. Tatiana Dent 1/80
Hon. Ines Garton 1/80
Hon. Ysabel Wilson 1/80
Nicholas Llewellen Palmer 1/20
Cdr. Jonathan Findlay 1/100
David Francis Basset 1/100
Col. James Gustavus Hamilton-Russell 1/100
Jan Witold Kwiatkowski 1/100
Patrick Chichester, 8th Marquess of Donegall 1/100
Rufus Keppel, 10th Earl of Albemarle 1/20
Capt. Harry Russell Legge-Bourke 1/20
David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley 1/2

literature