Earl Marshal
The office of Earl Marshal is a medieval title of knighthood in England , Ireland , Scotland and later in the United Kingdom .
England
The Earl Marshal of England is a hereditary title of a high British civil servant. At first the title was only Marshal , until under William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke , whose name contained the two components Earl and Marshal separately, the name Earl Marshal became common. After the office came to the family of the Dukes of Norfolk , Earl Marshal became the official name. The Earl Marshal is the eighth of the Great Officers of State with the Lord High Constable above him and only the Lord High Admiral below him. Like several others under the Great Officers of State , the office was exercised by several persons on commission.
In the Middle Ages, the Earl Marshal and the Lord High Constable were the officers responsible for the king's horses and stables. As the knighthood and nobility gained influence, the importance of the Lord High Constable declined and the Earl Marshal became the head of the College of Arms , which dealt with all matters relating to genealogy and heraldry . In conjunction with the Lord High Constable , he sat before the Court of Chivalry , a court that dealt with questions about the amount of the ransom, the division of the spoil, the remuneration of soldiers and finally the abuse of coats of arms. As one of the senior officers, he is still jointly responsible for coronation ceremonies and the opening of parliament .
According to the House of Lords Act 1999 , the Earl Marshal is the only holder of a hereditary nobility title besides the Lord Great Chamberlain who is a born member of the House of Lords so that he can perform his ceremonial duties in the House of Lords .
Lords Marshal of England 1135-1397
- Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke 1135-1149
- Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke 1149-1176
- John Marshal 1176–1194 ( House Marshal )
- William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke 1194-1219
- William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke 1219-1231
- Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke 1231-1234
- Gilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke 1234-1242
- Walter Marshal, 5th Earl of Pembroke 1242-1245
- Anselm Marshal, 6th Earl of Pembroke 1245
- Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk 1245-1269
- Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk 1269-1307
- Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford 1307-1308
- Nicholas Seagrave, 1st Baron Seagrave of Barton Segrave and Stowe 1308-1316
- Thomas of Brotherton 1316-1338
- Margaret Brotherton, Duchess of Norfolk 1338-1377
- Henry Percy, Lord Percy 1377
- John Arundel, 1st Baron Arundel , Lord Maltravers 1377-1379
- Thomas Mowbray, 1st Earl of Nottingham 1383-1397
Earls Marshal of England 1397 – today
- Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk 1397-1398
- Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey 1398-1399
- Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland 1400-1412
- John Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk 1412-1432
- John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk 1432-1461
- John Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk 1461-1476
- Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York 1476–1483
- John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk 1483-1485
- William Berkeley, 1st Earl of Nottingham 1486-1497
- Henry Tudor, Duke of York 1497-1509
- Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk 1509-1524
- Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk 1524-1547
- Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset 1547-1549
- John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland 1549–1553
- Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk 1553–1554
- Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk 1554-1572
- George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury 1572-1590
- in commission 1590–1597
- Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex 1597-1601
- in commission 1602–1603
- Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester 1603
- in commission 1604–1622
- Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel 1622-1646
- Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel 1646-1652
- in commission 1652–1661
- James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk 1661–1662
- in commission 1662–1672
- Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk 1672–1684
- Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk 1684–1701
- Thomas Howard, 8th Duke of Norfolk 1701-1732
- Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk 1732–1777
- Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk 1777–1786
- Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk 1786–1815
- Bernard Edward Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk 1815–1842
- Henry Charles Howard, 13th Duke of Norfolk 1842-1856
- Henry Granville Fitzalan-Howard, 14th Duke of Norfolk 1856–1860
- Henry Fitzalan-Howard, 15th Duke of Norfolk 1860-1917
- Bernard Marmaduke Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk 1917–1975
- Miles Francis Stapleton Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk 1975-2002
- Edward William Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk 2002–
Web links
- List of Earl Marshal (English)