List of the Lord Chancellors of Ireland
The Lord Chancellor of Ireland ( English Lord Chancellor of Ireland , Irish Tiarna Seansailéara na hÉireann ) denotes the holder of the highest judicial office in the English-ruled Ireland since parts of Eastern Ireland were conquered by England during the reign of Henry II until Ireland became independent on December 6th 1921 when the duties of office were transferred to the Governor of Northern Ireland . The office was officially dissolved in March 1922. When the office of governor was dissolved in 1973, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland finally took over the duties of Lord Chancellor. From 1721 to 1801 the Lord Chancellor was also the highest political office in the Irish Parliament .
Official history
Origins of the Office
In the last days of the Roman Empire , the emperor's clerk ( notary ) was called the chancellor . His duties included preventing laws (English to cancel ) that were in conflict with other laws of the empire. After the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, rulers in Europe occupied positions with similar functions.
Lord Chancellor of Ireland
After the Anglo-Norman conquest of the eastern coast of Ireland by England during the campaigns of Henry II of England, he implemented the judiciary in Ireland based on the English model. For this purpose, analogous to the Lord Chancellor of England and Wales and the Lord Chancellor of Scotland , a Lord Chancellor was also appointed for Ireland in 1186.
While the office of Lord Chancellor of Scotland and England was amalgamated by the Act of Union 1707 , this was omitted when the United Kingdom and Ireland were merged in the Act of Union 1800 . So the office remained until it was dissolved in 1921 with the independence of Ireland.
List of the Lord Chancellors of Ireland
The basis of the following list is OJ Burke's list from 1186 to 1874. This list was supplemented by further sources and documents and provided with comments. The aim was as complete a list as possible of people who are named as Lord Chancellors of Ireland, even if these people, as for example with John Worchley or Fromund le Brunn, cannot be clearly identified. In such cases this will be noted in a comment.
No | from | to | Lord Chancellor | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1186 | Stephen de Ridell or Ridel | Even though Burke and other sources name Ridell, Worchley and Brunn, there is no evidence of their chancellorship, according to Ball. While Ridell can still be identified as a person in Prince John's wake, the other two cannot even be historically proven. Despite the previous statement, it is Worchley, not Ridell, that tops Smythe's list. | |
2 | 1219 | John de Worchley (John de Worcheley) | ||
3 | 1230 | Fromund le Brunn | ||
4th | 1232 | Ralph de Neville | Bishop of Chichester ; Burke names Ralph de Neville in fourth place. Neville is named in Ball's remarks as the Lord Chancellor of England , whose deputy Geoffrey de Turville acts as Lord Chancellor of Ireland from 1232. Burke did not lead Turville until 1237 as the fifth incumbent. | |
1232 | Geoffrey de Turville (Geffrey Tubville) | Archdeacon of Dublin; | ||
5 | 1236 | Alan of the Holy Faith (Alan de Sancta Fide) (Alan de Sanctafide) | In 1235 the name Alan de Sancta Fide is given. In contemporary documents one searches in vain for the name. | |
6th | 1236 | Robert de Luttrell | ||
7th | 1237 | Geoffrey de Turville | ||
8th | 1237 | Ralph | Bishop of Norwich ; Haydn gives 1249 as the year of appointment, which would change the order with William Wilward (Welward). | |
9 | 1245 | William Wilward (Welward) | ||
- | 1249 | Ralph | Neither Burke nor Haydn mention a second term. | |
10 | 1259 | Fromund le Brunn | ||
11 | 1283 | Walter de Fulburn | ||
12 | 1285 | William de Beauclerc (William de Buerlaco) | ||
13 | 1292 | Thomas Cantoc | then Bishop of Emly (1306-1309); | |
14th | 1293 | Walter de Thornbury (Walter de Thornburg) | ||
15th | 1294 | Adam de Woddington | ||
- | 1295 | Thomas Cantoc | Burke and Haydn do not mention this term of office. | |
16 | 1307 | Richard Bereford | ||
17th | 1317 | William Fitz John | Archbishop of Cashel ; | |
18th | 1321 | Roger Utlagh (Roger Outlawe) | Prior of Kilmainham | |
19th | 1325 | Alexander de Bicknor (Bykenor) | Archbishop of Dublin | |
20th | 1330 | Adam de Limberg | ||
21st | 1331 | William | Prior of Kilmainham; In the following years, Haydn alternates between Adam de Limberg and Roger Utlagh. | |
22nd | 1337 | Thomas Charlton | Bishop of Hereford ; | |
23 | 1338 | Robert de Henningsberg | ||
24 | 1340 | Robert de Askeby | Prior of St. John of Jerusalem | |
25th | 1341 | John L'Archer (1343) | Prior of Kilmainham; Haydn gives a Roger Darcy in 1342 and a John de Battail in 1343, neither of which can be found in other lists. | |
26th | 1346 | John Morice | ||
27 | 1350 | John de St. Paul | Archbishop of Dublin | |
28 | 1356 | Richard d'Askeaton | Haydn names 1354 as the year of his appointment. | |
29 | 1357 | John de Frowick | Prior of Kilmainham; After Haydn John and Smyth 'de Frowyk', where he called John de St. Paul again before Frowyk in 1355. | |
30th | 1357 | Thomas de Burley | Prior of Kilmainham; Here Haydn names the monk John de Mora and then again Thomas Burley. | |
31 | 1363 | Robert de Askeaton (Richard de Assheton) | Prior of Newtown; In addition, in 1366 Haydn mentions Thomas Scurlock, Abbot of St. Thomas's in Dublin. | |
32 | 1368 | Thomas le Revi (Thomas le Reve) | Bishop of Waterford . Haydn again names Thomas Burley, who follows Reve before the next person on Burke's list is named. | |
33 | 1371 | John de Rotheby (John de Bothby) (John de Botheby) | ||
34 | 1372 | William Taney (Tany) | Prior of Kilmainham; In Haydn's list, Taney is followed by several people before the next person on Burke's list is named. This is Bothby (Rothby) again in 1374, then Tany again. | |
- | 1375 | John Keppock | ||
35 | 1377 | Robert de Wickford (Wikeford / Wickford) | Archbishop of Dublin | |
36 | 1377 | Alexander Balscot (Balscott) | Bishop of Ossory ; Haydn names Balscot on the same line as Wikeford, presumably because both were appointed in the same year. | |
37 | 1379 | John Colton | Archbishop of Armagh ; | |
- | 1381 | Ralph Chene (or Cheney) | Chene is not mentioned in other lists. The numbering based on Burke's list was therefore not mentioned. | |
- | 1385 | Robert de Wickford and Robert Sutton | ||
- | 1386 | Alexander Balscott (again) | ||
38 | 1387 | Richard White | Prior of Kilmainham | |
39 | 1391 | Robert Preston | Preston was appointed in 1388, according to Haydn. Roger Outlawe and Thomas Charlton followed again in 1389, as did Alexsander Balscot. Only then does Haydn name Preston 1391 as the permanent incumbent, as in the Burkeschen list. | |
40 | 1391 | Robert Waldby (Waldby / 1392) | Archbishop of York | |
41 | 1393 | Richard Northalis | Bishop of Ossory | |
- | 1394 | Alexander Balscot (again) | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
- | 1395 | Robert de Wickford (again) | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
42 | 1397 | Robert Baybroke | Bishop of London ; This appointment also looks more turbulent for Haydn. He mentions another term of office for Alexander Balscot before Baybroke. Then, on the same line for 1397, Haydn again mentions Robert Sutton and Thomas Cranley. | |
43 | 1398 | Thomas Cranly | Archbishop of Dublin ; Cranly's name is used by James Joyce in his novel Ulysses , where the combination of cleric and statesman symbolizes an English-Irish fraud. | |
- | 1400 | Alexander Balscot (again) | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
- | 1401 | Thomas Cranley (again) | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
- | 1397 | Thomas de Everdon (again) | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
- | 1397 | Richard's speech with John Bermingham | Additions according to Haydn's list. Later that year, Haydn again names Robert Sutton. | |
- | 1397 | Laurence Merbury (or Marbury) | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
44 | 1410 | Patrick Barret | Bishop of Ferns | |
45 | 1413 | Laurence Merbury | Before Merbury, Haydn again leads Robert Sutton and Thomas Cranley in 1412. | |
46 | 1416 | William Fitz Thomas (Fitzthomas) | Prior of Kilmainham; Haydn's list again mentions Thomas Cranley and Patrick Barret as his immediate predecessors from 1415, who are not mentioned in Burke's list. From 1419 onwards, Haydn called Laurence Merbury again, before Fitzthomas was mentioned again in 1421. Eventually, Merbury appears to have taken office again before the Sedgrave lists find a common point. | |
47 | 1423 | Richard Sedgrave | ||
48 | 1423 | William Tinbreagh | Tinbreagh is not mentioned in Haydn's list. | |
49 | 1423 | Richard Talbot | Archbishop of Dublin | |
50 | 1426 | Robert FitzEustace | Haydn names a new term of office for Fitzthomas before Fitz-Eustace is named. In this line Haydn also mentions new terms of office for Richard Talbot and Robert Sutton. | |
51 | 1438 | Thomas Chace (Chase) | Haydn calls Chase from 1434 | |
- | 1435 | Thomas Strange | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
- | 1436 | Richard Fitz-Eustace (again) | Additions according to Haydn's list. In the same line, Haydn also mentions Robert Dyke or Dyce or Dyche from Dublin. | |
- | 1441 | Thomas Strange (again) | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
52 | 1446 | Richard Wogan (1444) | ||
- | 1445 | William Cheevers | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
53 | 1446 | John Talbot | Here Haydn names Robert Dyke again. | |
54 | 1449 | Thomas FitzGerald | Abbot; In the same year Haydn complements Thomas Talbot. | |
55 | 1451 | Edmund Ouldhall | Bishop of Meath ; Ouldhall is not mentioned by Haydn. | |
56 | 1453 | Edward Fitz Eustace | ||
- | 1454 | William Wells | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
57 | 1459 | Edmund | ||
58 | 1460 | John Dynham | Dynham is named by Haydn as the immediate successor of Edmund, but is not listed on a line of its own. | |
59 | 1461 | William Welles | It is not clear whether Welles is named here too late or whether this is a different term in office. Haydn tops the list with a new term for Robert Preston. | |
60 | 1462 | John Tiptoft | With Haydn John, Earl of Worcester . | |
61 | 1463 | Thomas FitzGerald (1464) | ||
62 | 1468 | Robert Allameston (Robert Allaunston) | ||
63 | 1468 | William Dubley (Dudley) | ||
- | 1472 | Robert Portlester together with John Taxton | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
64/65 | 1472 | Robert FitzEustace together with John Taxton | FitzEustace is not mentioned by Haydn. | |
66 | 1474 | George de Venbam (Gilbert de Venham) | Haydn supplements Richard FitzEustace here, thus deviating from the Robert FitzEustace mentioned by Burke. | |
67 | 1480 | William Sherwood | Bishop of Meath ; | |
68 | 1481 | Laurence de St. Lawrence | Haydn mentions a second term for William Sherwood. | |
- | 1482 | Walter Champflower | Abbot of St. Marys; Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
69 | 1483 | Robert St. Lawrence | ||
70 | 1483 | Thomas FitzGerald | Haydn names FitzGerald together with Robert St. Lawrence. | |
- | 1486 | Roland of Portlester | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
71 | 1492 | Alexander Plunket | ||
72 | 1494 | Henry Deane | Archbishop of Canterbury ; | |
73 | 1496 | Walter Fitzsimmons | Archbishop of Dublin | |
74 | 1498 | William Rokeby | Archbishop of Dublin | |
- | 14th | Walter Fitzsimons | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
75 | 1509 | 1513 | Nicholas St. Lawrence | Haydn also mentions a new term of office for Fitzsimons. |
76 | 1513 | William Compton | ||
- | 1515 | William Rokeby | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
77 | 1527 | Hugh Inge | Archbishop of Dublin | |
78 | 1528 | John Allen | Archbishop of Dublin | |
79 | 1532 | George Cromer | Archbishop of Armagh ; | |
80 | 1534 | 1538 | John Barnewall | |
81 | 1538 | John Allen | ||
82 | 1547 | Richard Reade (Read) | Haydn first mentions Thomas Cusack in 1546 and then Read, who is then included in Haydn's list from 1547. | |
- | 1548 | John Allen | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
83 | 1550 | Thomas Cusack | Haydn notes with Cusack that he only ran official business in the absence of everyone. | |
- | 1555 | William Fitzwilliam | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
84 | 1555 | Hugh Curwen | Archbishop of Dublin ; Haydn names Curwen after Fitzwilliam. | |
85 | 1567 | Robert Weston | ||
- | 1573 | Adam Loftus | Additions according to Haydn's list. Loftus does not appear in Burke until 1581. | |
86 | 1576 | William Gerrard | ||
- | 1577 | Adam Loftus | Additions according to Haydn's list. From 1577 Adam Loftus takes over the official business in Gerrard's absence. This may mean a different Adam Loftus than the one mentioned in 1573. From 1578, Haydn led Loftus as the full-time dignitary. | |
87 | 1581 | Adam Loftus | Protestant Archbishop of Dublin ; Haydn names 1578 as the year of his appointment. | |
88 | 1605 | 1619 | Thomas Jones | Protestant Archbishop of Dublin and brother-in-law of Adam Loftus. |
89 | 1619 | Adam Loftus (Lord Ely) | Loftus does not appear on Haydn's list again until 1625. Haydn leads Winston Jones, William Mcthwold and Fiber Aungior before calling Loftus again in 1619. | |
- | 1638 | Robert Dillon | Additions according to Haydn's list. Haydn also mentions Christopher Wandesford and Philipp Mainwaring here. | |
90 | 1638 | Richard Bolton (Richard Bullon) | ||
91 | 1656 | William Steele | ||
92 | 1660 | Maurice Eustace | ||
- | 1665 | Richard Pepys | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
93 | 1665 | Michael Boyle | Protestant Archbishop of Armagh ; | |
94 | 1686 | Charles Porter | ||
95 | 1686 | Alexander Fitton | ||
- | 1690 | Richard Pyne | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
- | 1697 | John Jeffreyson , Thomas Coote, and Nehemiah Donellan; provisional | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
96 | 1696 | John Methuen | ||
97 | 1703 | Richar Cox | ||
98 | 1707 | Richard Freeman | ||
- | 16 | Robert, Earl of Kildare and Thomas Keightley, acting | Additions according to Haydn's list. | |
99 | 1710 | Constantine Henry Phipps | ||
100 | 1714 | Alan Brodrick | ||
101 | 1725 | Richard West | ||
102 | 1726 | Thomas Wyndham | ||
103 | 1739 | Robert Jocelyn | ||
104 | 1756 | John Bowes | ||
105 | 1767 | James Hewitt | ||
106 | 1789 | 1802 | John FitzGibbon | Haydn first leads the acting incumbents Robert Fowler, Hugh Carleton and Samuel Bradstreet. |
107 | 1802 | John Freeman-Mitford | ||
108 | 1806 | George Ponsonby | ||
109 | 1807 | Thomas Manners-Sutton | ||
110 | 1827 | Anthony Hart | ||
111 | 1830 | William Conyngham | ||
112 | 1835 | Edward Sugden (Edward Brutenshaw Sudgen) | ||
113 | 1841 | John Campbell | ||
114 | 1846 | Maziere Brady | ||
115 | 1852 | Francis Blackburne | ||
- | 1853 | Maziere Brady (again) | Additions according to Haydn's list. Burke makes no mention of this term. | |
116 | 1857 | 1859 | Joseph Napier | |
- | 1859 | Maziere Brady (again) | Additions according to Haydn's list. Burke does not mention this term either. | |
- | 1866 | Francis Blackburne (again) | Additions according to Haydn's list. Burke makes no mention of this term. | |
117 | 1867 | Abraham Brewster | ||
118 | 1868 | Thomas O'Hagan | ||
- | Joseph Napier , Justice Lawson and William Brooke, acting | |||
119 | 1874 | John Thomas Ball | ||
- | 1880 | 1881 | Thomas O'Hagan | |
- | 1881 | 1883 | Hugh Lawe | |
- | 1883 | 1885 | Edward Sullivan | |
- | 1885 | John Naish | ||
- | 1885 | 1886 | Edward Gibson | |
- | 1886 | John Naish | ||
- | 1886 | 1892 | Edward Gibson | |
- | 1892 | 1895 | Samuel Walker | |
- | 1895 | 1905 | Edward Gibson | |
- | 1905 | 1911 | Samuel Walker | |
- | 1911 | 1913 | Redmond John Barry | |
- | 1913 | 1918 | Ignatius O'Brien | |
- | 1918 | 1921 | James Campbell | In 1921 Campbell was ennobled. |
- | 1921 | 1922 | John Ross | Ross was the last incumbent of the traditional office. |
Individual evidence
- ↑ Scotland referendum 2014: the impact of independence on the UK Parliament ; UK Parliament analysis of the potential consequences of Scotland leaving the UK, 2014; Retrieved August 26, 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv Oliver Joseph Burke: The History of the Lord Chancellors of Ireland. - Internet Archive E. Ponsonby, Dublin 1879.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j F. Elrington Ball: The Judges in Ireland, 1221-1921 . The Lawbook Exchange, 1926.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga Joseph Timothy Haydn: The book of dignities; containing lists of the official personages of the British Empire… together with the sovereigns and rulers of the World… The orders of knighthood of the United Kingdom and India… Founded on Beatson's Political index (1806); re-modeled and brought down to 1851 . accessed on August 15, 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Constantine J. Smyth Chronicle of the law officers of Ireland: Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal on Wikisource; accessed on August 16, 2016.
- ^ Charles Lethbridge Kingsford; Neville, Ralph (d.1244) (DNB00) ; Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 40 on Wikisource; accessed on August 23, 2016.
- ↑ John Horace Round; Bereford, Richard de (DNB00) ; Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 04 on Wikisource; accessed on August 23, 2016.
- ^ William Hunt; Bicknor, Alexander (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 05 on Wikisource; accessed on August 23, 2016.
- ↑ Thomas Frederick Tout; Charlton, Thomas (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 10 on Wikisource; accessed on August 23, 2016.
- ↑ Edward Irving Carlyle; St. Paul, John de (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 50 on Wikisource; accessed on August 23, 2016.
- ↑ George Herbert: The Dublin University magazine - Internet Archive July to December. Hurst & Blackett, London 1870.
- ↑ a b Walter Eustace Rhodes; Wikeford, Robert de (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 61 on Wikisource; accessed on August 23, 2016.
- ^ A b Don Gifford, Robert J. Seidman: Ulysses Annotated: Notes for James Joyce's Ulysses . University of California Press, 2008.
- ↑ A. Cogan: The diocese of Meath: ancient and modern. - Burns & Lambert Internet Archive , 1862.
- ↑ Andrew Lyall; Weston, Robert (b. In or before 1522, d. 1573), lord chancellor of Ireland ; Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2004.
- ↑ PS Edwards: GERARD, William II (by 1529-81), of Chester, Cheshire. 1982, historyofparliamentonline.org; accessed on August 23, 2016.
- ↑ a b Beaver Henry Blacker, Jones, Thomas (1550? -1619) (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 30 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ John Thomas Gilbert, Bolton, Richard (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 05 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ Charles Harding Firth, Steele, William (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 54 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ John Ryan (1833) The history and antiquities of the county of Carlow ; RM Times.
- ^ William Arthur Shaw, Pepys, Richard (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 44 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ John Thomas Gilbert, Boyle, Michael (1609? -1702) (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 06 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ Paula Watson: PORTER, Charles (1631-96), of Essex Buildings, the Middle Temple. 1983, historyofparliamentonline.org; accessed on August 23, 2016.
- ^ Richard Bagwell, Porter, Charles (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 46 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ Beaver Henry Blacker, Fitton, Alexander (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 19 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ↑ George Fisher Russell Barker, Methuen, John (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 37 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ↑ George Fisher Russell Barker, Cox, Richard (1650-1733) (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 12 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ John Andrew Hamilton, Phipps, Constantine Henry (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 45 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ↑ Thomas Finlayson Henderson, Brodrick, Alan (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 06 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ MW Helms, Paula Watson: BRODRICK, Allen (1623-80), of Wandsworth, Surr. 1983, historyofparliamentonline.org; accessed on August 23, 2016.
- ^ William Prideaux Courtney, West, Richard (d.1726) (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 60 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ Eveline Cruickshanks: WEST, Richard (c.1691-1726), of Ridge, Herts. 1970, historyofparliamentonline.org; accessed on August 23, 2016.
- ↑ Thomas Seccombe, Wyndham, Thomas (1681-1745) (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 63 on Wikisource; accessed on August 23, 2016.
- ↑ George Fisher Russell Barker, Jocelyn, Robert (1688? -1756) (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 29 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ↑ John Thomas Gilbert, Bowes, John (1690-1767) (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 06 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ Beaver Henry Blacker, Hewitt, James (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 26 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ↑ George Paul Macdonell, Fitzgibbon, John (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 19 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ↑ George Fisher Russell Barker, Mitford, John Freeman- (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 38 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ Robert Dunlop, Ponsonby, George (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 46 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ↑ George Fisher Russell Barker, Manners-Sutton, Thomas (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 36 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ↑ MH Port: MANNERS SUTTON, Thomas (1756-1842), of Lincoln's Inn, Mdx. 1986, historyofparliamentonline.org; accessed on August 23, 2016.
- ↑ George Fisher Russell Barker, Hart, Anthony (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 25 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ List of authors in the Dictionary of National Biography on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ↑ James McMullen Rigg, Sugden, Edward Burtenshaw (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 55 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ Arthur Henry Grant, Brady, Maziere (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 06 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ↑ George Barnett Smith, Blackburne, Francis (1782–1867) (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 05 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ William Wilfrid Webb, Napier, Joseph (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 40 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ↑ Alex. Charles Ewald: The life of Sir Joseph Napier, bart., Ex-Lord Chancellor of Ireland, from his private correspondence . University of Michigan Library, 1887, ISBN 978-1-275-38730-0 .
- ↑ George Clement Boase, Brewster, Abraham (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 06 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ↑ John Donohoe FitzGerald, O'Hagan, Thomas (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 42 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ William Henry Grattan Flood: Thomas O'Hagan . In: Catholic Encyclopedia on Wikisource.
- ^ Cæsar Litton Falkiner, Ball, John Thomas (DNB01) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ John Andrew Hamilton, Law, Hugh (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 32 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ Cæsar Litton Falkiner, Sullivan, Edward (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 55 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ↑ Pierce Laurence Nolan, Naish, John (DNB00) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 40 on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ WE Vaughan, A New History of Ireland: Ireland Under the Union, 1870-1921 ; Oxford University Press, 2010; Page 586.
- ^ John Gordon Swift MacNeill, Walker, Samuel (DNB12) in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement on Wikisource; accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ Members of Parliament of February 13, 1919; printed by Her Majesty's Stationery Office in 1919; Page 29.
- ↑ a b Ireland has New Lord Chancellor - Sir James Campbell Named to Succeed Sir Ignatius John O'Brian; in The Montreal Gazette, June 5, 1918; Retrieved August 24, 2016 from Google News.
- ^ Announcement of the appointment of James Henry Mussen Campbell as Lord Chief Justice of Ireland in the London Gazette on March 16, 1917.
- ^ Announcement of the appointment of James Henry Mussen Campbell as Baron Glenavy of Milltown in the London Gazette on September 30, 1921.
- ^ A b Nathan Wells, 'Ross, Sir John, first baronet (1853-1935)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved August 24, 2016 .