Louchébem
As Louchebem (also Loucherbem or Loucherbème; full name: largonji of louchébems , the jargon of the butcher / meat '), the argot of the butchers of Paris and Lyon , respectively. The Louchébem has been known since the first half of the 19th century and is still used today in the professional environment.
Structure of the Louchébem
The process of lexical creation of this jargon is similar to that of Verlan ("French youth language in which the word syllables are spoken in reverse order") and Javanais (argot) : You "hide" existing words by modifying them according to a certain rule. With the Louchébem, the first consonant is moved to the end and replaced by an «L», then you insert any argot suffix , for example -ème, -ji, -oc, -ic, -muche, a syllable that has an «f» contains.
vocabulary
So it is initially a spoken language and the orthography is very often phonetic. Butchers / butchers still use the following few words within their community:
| French | Louchébem | arose from | German |
|---|---|---|---|
| enfants | arpètes | children | |
| boucher | louchébem | l (b) -ouché (r) -b suffix: em | Butcher, butcher |
| coffee shop | lafécaisse | l (c) -afé-c suffix: aisse | Coffee, cafe |
| comprend | lomprenquès | l (c) -ompren (d) -c suffix: uès | understand |
| femme | lamfé or lamdé (lamdé more precisely: lady ) | l (d) -am (e) -f suffix: e | Women lady) |
| fou | louf (loufoque) | l (f) -ou-f-without suffix / -oque | Madman, fool, fool, idiot |
| gaffe (attention) | lafgué | l (g) -aff (e) -g suffix ué | Stupidity, mistake (attention!) |
| gigot | ligogem | l (g) -igo (t) -g suffix: em | Leg of mutton |
| gitan | litjoc (often associated with lafgué because of the reputation of this ethnic group) | not clear | "Gypsies" |
| slang | argonji | l (j) -argn-j suffix: i | slang |
| maquereau | lacromuche | l (m) -aquero-m-suffix: uche | pimp |
| monsieur | lesieumic | l (m) -esieu-m-suffix: ic | Mr |
| pardessus | lardeuss (lardeussupem) | l (p) -arde + u + ss-without suffix / -upem | Overcoat |
| pardon | lardonpem | l (p) -ardon-p-suffix: em | Excuse me, sorry |
| pas | dans le lap (in the expression lomprenquès dans le lap ) | not (in the expression "I don't understand") | |
| patron | latronpuche | l (p) -atron-p-suffix: uche | Boss, patron, employer |
| porc | lorpic | l (p) -or (c) p-suffix: ic | Pig, pork |
| pourboire | lourboirquès | l (p) -ourboir (e) suffix: quès | Tip |
| sac | lacsé | l (s) ac suffix: sé | Bag, sack |
Entrance of the Louchébem into French
Some words of Louchébem, especially loufoque (thanks to Pierre Dac , whose father was a butcher), have become common knowledge and have their place in today's vernacular.
- cher = lerche (commonly used in its negative form: pas lerche ) or lerchem
- en douce = en loucedé or en loucedoc
- fou = loufoque
- portfolio = larfeuille (lortefeuillepem)
- filou = loufiah (untrustworthy person, Filou, also: dienstbar, servil ...)
The Louchébem in history
An exact version of the Louchébem (now almost gone except in the long-established communities) was spoken by the French Resistance during World War II .
The Louchébem in the visual arts
In the chanson sale Argot by the French rap group IAM , the rapper Akhénaton raps a full verse in Louchébem.
Even Raymond Queneau has Loucherbem in a text of the same name used in his anthology Exercices de style , appeared 1947th
bibliography
- Marcel Schwob : Étude sur l'argot français (German: Study on the French Argot). Émile Bouillon, Paris 1889.
- Nouveau dictionnaire d'argot (German: New Dictionary des Argot). Paris 1829.
- David Alliot: Larlépem-vous Louchébem? l'argot des bouchers (German: Do you speak Louchébem? The argot of the butchers). Éditions Horay, Paris 2009.
- Christophe Mérel: Les fables de La Fontaine en louchébem (German: The fables of La Fontaine on Louchébem). Editions Edilivre, January 2011.
Web links
- Le loucherbem - Article d'un ancien boucher, historien de la boucherie française ( Memento of June 10, 2000 in the Internet Archive ). www.mhr-viandes.com. (German: Das Loucherbem - article / essay by an old butcher, historian of the French butchery)
- Interview de Gégé le louchebem. Arte Radio (German: Interview by Gégé, the butcher)
- Traducteur français-argomuche louchebem en ligne (German: Translator French - Argomuche Louchebem lined up)