Marcel Schwob

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Marcel Schwob, portrait from Le Livre des masques (Vol. II, 1898) by Rémy de Gourmont

Marcel Schwob (born August 23, 1867 in Chaville , Hauts-de-Seine department , † February 26, 1905 in Paris ) was a French writer and translator. He was close to the symbolists .

Life

Marcel Schwob came from a Jewish family that originally came from Alsace . In his childhood, Schwob attended the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris , where he excelled above all in old and new languages. However, he did not succeed in being accepted at the École normal supérieure ; However, he passed the License in Languages ​​and Literature with honors in 1888. In the following year, however, he failed at the Agrégation , which would have enabled him to pursue an academic career.

Schwob translated from German and English into French. In 1884 he discovered Robert Louis Stevenson and translated it. He also translated Shakespeare's Hamlet (the play was performed in 1900 in Schwob's translation with Sarah Bernhardt ) and worked with Pierre Louÿs on the final version of the play Salomé , which Oscar Wilde had written in French. As a thank you, Wilde dedicated the poem The Sphinx to him . Schwob published one of the first studies on the argot , a secret language used by beggars and crooks in medieval France, followed by a brilliant monograph on François Villon .

He also published stories that are close to the prose poem in form and style . Gained notoriety The book Monelle ( Le livre de Monelle , 1894) and the imaginary CVs ( Vies Imaginaires , 1896) in which Schwob with poetic imagination gaps in the traditional biographies filled some historical figures.

In 1900 Schwob married the actress Marguerite Moréno (1871–1948), whom he had met in 1895. His health deteriorated noticeably, mainly because of an addiction to morphine . He tried to escape his fate by traveling, first to Jersey and then to Samoa , where Stevenson had just died. Marcel Schwob died in Paris in 1905.

Paul Valéry dedicated two of his works to Schwob - Introduction à la Méthode de Léonard de Vinci and Soirée avec M. Teste -; Alfred Jarry dedicated Ubu Roi to him . The Children's Crusade is one of the twenty-seven books in Doctor Faustroll's library . Its first edition was published in 1917 as the 16th volume in the series The Youngest Day published by Kurt Wolff Verlag (in the same year, the same series appeared as volume 22/23 The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka). Schwob influenced authors such as André Gide (especially in the Nourritures terrestres ), Jules Renard , Rémy de Gourmont , Paul Léautaud , Georges Rodenbach , Charles-Louis Philippe , Paul Claudel , William Faulkner and Jorge Luis Borges .

Société Marcel Schwob

Since 2004, the Paris-based Société Marcel Schwob (Marcel Schwob Society) has devoted itself to developing and researching his work and the intellectual and historical context in which it was created. This takes place through colloquia, exhibitions and various publications, among which the yearbook "Spicilège - Cahiers Marcel Schwob" should be mentioned. Inedita, such as correspondence, as well as essayistic and scientific contributions, facsimiles, reviews, etc. are regularly published in it. Artistic discussions with Marcel Schwob are also documented in image and sound. The most comprehensive and constantly updated bibliography on Schwob and his work can also be found on the company's website. In 2015 she edited Marcel Schwobs together with Eugène Morand, a play "Jane Shore", which was written but never performed and was previously unpublished.

Works

as an author
  • The book of Monelle ("Le Livre de Monelle"). Ullstein, Frankfurt / M. 1983, ISBN 3-548-30145-2 .
  • Chroniques . Droz, Geneva 1981 (Histoire des idées et critique litteraire; 195).
  • Gift to the underworld . Jakob Hegner, Hellerau 1926.
  • Dialogues d'Utopie. Contes et récits . Edition Ombres, Toulouse 2001. (Petite bibliothèque ombres. 150). ISBN 2-84142-152-X
  • Étude sur l'argot français (with Georges Guieysse). Bouillon, Paris 1889.
  • François Villon . Edition Alba, Paris 1990. (Reprint of the Paris 1912 edition). ISBN 2-904235-23-X
  • The split heart ("Cœur double"). 2nd edition. Verlag Elfenbein, Berlin 2005. ISBN 3-932245-71-7
  • The children's crusade. A legend (“La Croisade des enfants”). Thorbecke, Lindau 1949 (reprint of the Leipzig 1917 edition).
  • The children's crusade. Kurt Wolff Verlag, Leipzig 1917 (The Judgment Day. 16)
  • The children's crusade . Elfenbein Verlag, Berlin, 2012. ISBN 978-3-941184-19-0 .
  • The king with the golden mask (“Le Roi au masque d'or”). Alano Verlag, Aachen 1988. ISBN 3-924007-33-0
  • La lampe de Psyché . Mercure de France, Paris 1925 (reprint of the Paris 1903 edition).
  • La Légende de Serlon de Wilton . In: Ders .: Œuvres complètes , vol. 6, pp. 361–377 (reprint of the Paris 1899 edition).
  • Mimes . Mercure de France, Paris 1964 (reprint of the Paris 1893 edition).
  • Mœurs des diurnales. Traité de journalisme . Editions des Cendres, Paris 1985. (Reprinted from the Paris 1903 edition; published under the pseudonym “Loyson-Bridet”). ISBN 2-86742-006-7
  • Le Parnasse satyrique du XVe siècle. Anthologie de pièces libres . Slatkine, Geneva 1969 (reprinted by Paris 1905).
  • The novel of twenty-two résumés (“Vies imaginaires”). German by Jakob Hegner. Greno: Nördlingen 1986. (Reprint of the Hellerau edition 1925). ISBN 3-921568-81-1
  • Spicilège . Mercure de France, Paris 1960 (reprint of the Paris 1896 edition).
  • The star fire ("L'étoile de bois"). Thorbecke, Lindau 1948.
  • Vie de Morphiel, démiurge . Edition des Cendres, Paris 1985. ISBN 2-86742-007-5
  • Jane Shore . Pièce inédite (with Eugène Morand). Edition établie by Agnès Lhermitte and Bruno Fabre. Société Marcel Schwob, Paris 2015.
  • Manapouri. Journey to Samoa 1901/1902 . Translated and with an afterword by Gernot Krämer. Elfenbein Verlag, Berlin 2017.
as translator
Correspondence
  • Correspondance inédite . Droz, Geneva 1985.
  • Bernard Gauthier (Ed.): Vers Samoa. Lettres à Marguerite Moreno (octobre 1901 - mars 1902); contenant le journal d'un voyage par Port-Saïd, Dijbouti, Ceylan et l'Australie; lettres de Robert Louis Stevenson à Marcel Schwob . Edition des Ombres, Toulouse 2002, ISBN 2-84142-155-4 (Petite bibliothèque ombres; 151).
  • Correspondance Schwob-Stevenson (1992)
  • Jean Lorrain: Lettres à Marcel Schwob . Edition du Leirot, Tusson 2006.
Work edition
  • Œuvres complètes . Slatkine, Geneva 1985 (10 vol.).

literature

  • Europe, Revue littéraire mensuelle, no. 925 (May 2006, issue with a focus on Marcel Schwob), ISBN 978-2-910814-99-1 .
  • Bruno Fabre: L'art de la biography dans Vies imaginaires de Marcel Schwob . Honoré Champion, Paris 2010, ISBN 2-7453-2058-0 .
  • Sylvain Goudemare: Marcel Schwob ou les vies imaginaires. Biography . Le cherche midi, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-86274-819-6
  • Britta L. Hoffmann: Experimental poetics, poetics as experiment; in French prose from late symbolism to the 1920s. Joris-Karl Huysmans , André Gide , Rémy de Gourmont , Marcel Schwob, Raymond Roussel , Paul Valéry . University of Frankfurt 2003 (dissertation).
  • Gernot Krämer: Marcel Schwob: Work and Poetics . Aisthesis Verlag, Bielefeld 2005, ISBN 3-89528-475-0 (also dissertation, University of Bochum 2004).
  • Agnès Lhermitte: Palimpseste et merveilleux dans l'œuvre de Marcel Schwob . Honoré Champion, Paris 2002, ISBN 2-7453-0602-2 .
  • Bernard de Meyer: Marcel Schwob. Conteur de l'imagine . Lang, Frankfurt / M. 2004, ISBN 3-03910-368-7 .

Web links

Commons : Marcel Schwob  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Marcel Schwob  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Hans Christoph book : Doppelganger. Marcel Schwob's trip to Samoa: “Manapouri” . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of December 7, 2017, p. 12.
  2. ^ Website of Société Marcel Schwob (accessed on March 29, 2016)
personal data
SURNAME Schwob, Marcel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French writer and translator
DATE OF BIRTH August 23, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Chaville , Hauts-de-Seine department
DATE OF DEATH February 26, 1905
Place of death Paris