Lynchius
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| Hedges , Duellman & Heinicke , 2008 |
Lynchius is a poor genus of frogs from the Craugastoridae family . It is common in the South American Andes in southern Ecuador and northern Peru .
features
Most species in the genus Lynchius have a narrow head that is much narrower than the body. It is only wider in the species Lynchius megacephalus , which was newly described in 2019 . The tympanum is visible. The first finger is longer than the second in some species, the same length or slightly shorter in others. The webs are missing, only in Lynchius flavomaculatus they are still visible between the first and second finger. The back and abdomen are smooth with the exception of Lynchius simmonsi . The head-torso length is around 35 to 45 millimeters in the females and 20 to 35 millimeters in the males. Only Lynchius tabaconas remains below these length measures with 18.6 millimeters for males and 28.5 millimeters for females.
distribution
The distribution area of the genus Lynchius is limited to the Cordillera Real in southern Ecuador and the Cordillera de Huancabamba in northern Peru .
habitat
The habitat of the species of the genus Lynchius are the Páramos , treeless, tropical-equatorial highland steppes, and the cloud forests in the northern Andes of South America. The frogs occur there on the eastern slopes of the Andes at altitudes between 3800 and 4700 meters above sea level. The climate at these altitudes is humid and cold on the eastern slopes facing the Amazon basin .
Way of life
The genus Lynchius belongs to the superfamily Brachycephaloidea , whose species develop directly in the egg without a free-swimming larval stage ( tadpoles ).
Systematics and taxonomy
The genus is named in honor of the herpetologist John D. Lynch . The type species is Phrynopus parkeri , which was described by Lynch in 1975. The genus Lynchius was separated from the genus Phrynopus in 2008 . Some authors put Lynchius in the family Strabomantidae and within this group in the subfamily Pristimantinae. Other authors use a more recent system in which the Strabomantidae were synonymous with the Craugastoridae . As a sister group of the genus Lynchius the genre is Oreobates viewed.
species
There are seven species in this genus:
As of April 4, 2019
- Lynchius flavomaculatus (Parker, 1938)
- Lynchius megacephalus Sánchez-Nivicela, Urgilés, Navarrete, Yánez-Muñoz & Ron, 2019
- Lynchius nebulanastes (Cannatella, 1984)
- Lynchius oblitus Motta, Chaparro, Pombal, Guayasamin, De la Riva & Padial, 2016
- Lynchius parkeri (Lynch, 1975)
- Lynchius simmonsi (Lynch, 1974)
- Lynchius tabaconas Motta, Chaparro, Pombal, Guayasamin, De la Riva & Padial, 2016
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Darrel R. Frost: Lynchius , Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. Electronic Database accessible at American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998-2019, accessed April 4, 2019.
- ↑ a b Juan C. Sánchez-Nivicela, Veronica L. Urgiles, María José Navarrete, Mario H. Yánez-Muñoz, Santiago Ron: A bizarre new species of Lynchius (Amphibia, Anura, Strabomantidae) from the Andes of Ecuador and first report of Lynchius parkeri in Ecuador. Zootaxa, 4567, 1, 2019 doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4567.1.1 .
- ↑ a b c d Ana P. Motta, JP Chaparro, J. Pombal, JM Guayasamín, I. De la Riva & JM Padial: Molecular Phylogenetics and Taxonomy of the Andean Genus Lynchius Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke 2008 (Anura: Craugastoridae) . Herpetological Monographs, 30, pp. 119–142, 2016 doi: 10.1655 / HERPMONOGRAPHS-D-16-00002 .
- ↑ a b c SB Hedges, WE Duellman & MP Heinicke: New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, pp. 1–182, 2008 ( PDF ; 14.6 MB).
- ↑ a b List of species of the genus Lynchius , Amphibiaweb, accessed on April 4, 2019.
- ↑ a b JM Padial, T. Grant, Darril R. Frost: Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria. Zootaxa, 3825, pp. 1–132 2014 doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.3825.1.1
Web links
- Darrel R. Frost: Lynchius , Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. Electronic Database accessible at American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998-2019, accessed April 4, 2019
- List of species of the genus Lynchius , Amphibiaweb, accessed April 4, 2019