Lythria

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Lythria
Dock flyworm (Lythria cruentaria), male

Dock flyworm ( Lythria cruentaria ), male

Systematics
Subordination : Glossata
Superfamily : Geometroidea
Family : Spanner (Geometridae)
Subfamily : Sterrhinae
Tribe : Lythrini
Genre : Lythria
Scientific name of the  tribe
Lythrini
Herbulot, 1962
Scientific name of the  genus
Lythria
Huebner , 1823

The genus Lythria is the only genus of the tribe Lythriini from the subfamily Sterrhinae , which is part of the night butterfly family of the Spanner (Geometridae). Currently the genus Lythria or the tribe Lythriini includes five species, all of which are native to the Palearctic.

features

The five species of the genus Lythria (or the tribe) are all relatively small species with a wingspan of around 30 mm, mostly the species are smaller. In some species, the summer generation is significantly larger than the spring generation; in other species it is the other way round. The basic color is usually yellow, light brown, to slightly olive green. The drawing consists of bands running transversely to the longitudinal axis of the wing, which are usually purple-red or pink, but also gray-brown in color. In some specimens, the cross bars hardly stand out from the basic color. They can be almost extinguished or only indicated by rows of dots. In L. sanguinaria , the middle and border area can also be lightly spotted in red or a row of dots can be present in the border area.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The distribution of the genus Lythria (or the tribe Lythriini) is Palearctic . It extends from the Iberian Peninsula, across Western Europe (with the exception of the British Isles), across Central and Southern Europe to Kazakhstan.

The species of the genus prefer dry, warm habitats , such as B. dry meadows, fallow land , sandy and heather areas , especially on sandy and rocky soils. In Kazakhstan , Lythria venusta rises to over 1000 m. In Central Europe, Lythria purpuraria occurs quite frequently in warm summers, at least regionally.

Way of life

The species are bivoltin at least in Central Europe , i.e. H. two generations are trained each year. The moths are diurnal and nocturnal. The caterpillars are monophagous or oligophagous on herbaceous plants . However, little is known about the host plants so far. The pupa hibernates.

Systematics

According to Sihvonen (2008) and Vasilenko (2009), the genus Lythria or the tribe Lythriini currently comprises only five species:

There are numerous synonyms for these species in the literature. The website ZipCodeZoo.com lists 87 species and subspecies for the genus Lythria alone . This is due to the great intraspecific variability of the species. A reliable distinction is e.g. Sometimes this is only possible by examining the genital system, usually only the males.

Phylogeny

The Lythriini probably form the sister group of the Rhodometrini within the Sterrhinae (after Pasi Sihvonen )

  Sterrhinae  


 Cosymbiini


   


 Rhodometrini


   

 Lythriini



   

 Timandrini




   


 Rhodostrophiini


   

 unsure


   

 Cyllopodini


   

 unsure


   

 Sterrhini


   

 Scopulini









Template: Klade / Maintenance / Style

Cladogram of the Sterrhinae according to Sihvonen & Kaila (2004) and modifications by Õunap, Viidalepp & Saarma (2008)

Within the genus Lythria (or the tribe Lythriini) Lythria sanguinaria and Lythria purpuraria form a sister group, which in turn form the sister group of Lythria cruentaria . The species Lythria plumularia and Lythria venusta could not yet be included in the phylogenetic studies.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mariano Rojas on Mirada Natural ( Memento of the original from December 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.miradanatural.es
  2. ^ Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa
  3. ↑ Jörg Gelbrecht and Thomas Sobczyk: Lythria purpuraria (Linnaeus, 1758) - an unusually frequent and widespread species of spanner (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) detected in Brandenburg in 2003. Märkische Entomologische Nachrichten, 6 (1): 17-27, Potsdam 2004 ISSN  1438-9665
  4. ^ Arnold Richert: Lythria purpuraria L. - in the sunny summer of 1992 surprisingly often in northeast Brandenburg. (Lep., Geometridae). Entomological News and Reports, 37 (4): 256-257, Dresden 1993 ISSN  0232-5535
  5. ↑ Lythria_Genus ( Memento from February 10, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )

literature

  • David Abraham, Nils Ryrholm, Håkan Wittzell, Jeremy D. Holloway, Malcolm J. Scoble, Christer Lofstedt: Molecular phylogeny of the subfamilies in Geometridae (Geometroidea: Lepidoptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 20 (1): 65-77, San Diego 2001 doi : 10.1006 / mpev.2001.0949
  • Axel Hausmann: The Geometrid moths of Europe, 2nd Sterrhinae. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2004, ISBN 8-788-75737-4
  • Erki Õunap, Jaan Viidalepp & Urmas Saarma: Systematic position of Lythriini revised: transferred from Larentiinae to Sterrhinae (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Zoologica Scripta, 37 (4): 405-413, Oxford 2008 doi : 10.1111 / j.1463-6409.2008.00327.x
  • Pasi Sihvonen and Lauri Kaila: Phylogeny and tribal classification of Sterrhinae with emphasis on delimiting Scopulini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Systematic Entomology, 29: 324-358, Oxford 2004 doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2006.12.027
  • Sergei V. Vasilenko: Lythria venustata (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), a Rare Species from Kazakhstan. Entomological Review, 89 (3): 374-376, Moscow 2009 ISSN  0013-8738 doi : 10.1134 / S0013873809030166

Web links

Commons : Sterrhinae  - collection of images, videos and audio files