MedEvac
The term engl. Medical Evacuation ( Med Evac ) and dt. Medical Evacuation ( med. Evac. ) Refers to the removal of injured people from unsafe areas or shipments of the same medical in skilled care. This can be done by land or sea or by air transport (AirMedEvac). The military MedEvac is part of the Tactical Evacuation Care as part of the Tactical Combat Casualty Care .
With the AirMedEvac, patients are usually relocated over long or short distances using the resources of the search and rescue service . Flexible helicopters and airplanes are used for international or intercontinental missions.
history
The first aviation MedEvac operation took place during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71, when 164 wounded people were brought to safety from Paris with observation balloons .
Germany gained its first experience with MedEvac during the Spanish Civil War . At the beginning of the Second World War in September 1939 there were mainly MedEvac operations in Poland, during which around 2,500 soldiers were flown out in Junkers Ju 52s . The first missions with aircraft took place during the Russian campaign with the Fieseler Fi 156 , which has extremely good short take-off properties for the front area. Initial experience with Focke-Achgelis Fa 223 helicopters was gained in the Caucasus through the mountain divisions deployed.
Integration on the ground
An indispensable part of every MedEvac operation is the adequate ground-based transport of the patient from the damaged area to the aircraft and from the destination airport to the final clinical treatment. Rescue service and disaster control vehicles are often used for this purpose.
Planes
Bundeswehr aircraft types for MedEvac missions:
- Airbus A400M - medium haul, 4535 km range with a payload of 30 t and 6390 km with 20 t.
- Transall C-160 - short and medium haul, range 1,200–3,800 km
- Airbus A310 MRTT - long haul, range 10,560 km
- Airbus A319 CJ - medium and long haul, range 7,400 km
The converted Airbus A310 MRTT (Multi Role Transport Tanker) of the German Armed Forces are among the most modern MedEvac aircraft in the world . These are subordinate to the flight readiness of the Federal Ministry of Defense (BMVg), stationed at Cologne / Bonn Airport and can take a maximum of 56 injured people on board. There are also six intensive care beds for the severely injured (patient transport unit).
The flight readiness BMVg keeps an A310 MRTT and an A319 CJ in STRATAIRMEDEVAC readiness at all times. Air transport squadron 62 keeps an A400 M ready for intensive care aeromedical evacuation missions (24/7).
helicopter
- Rescue helicopter (RTH) for emergency rescue
- Intensive care transport helicopter (ITH) and
- Large-capacity rescue helicopter (GRH) for disaster operations
Use in disaster and war zones
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In acute conflict situations, most military personnel have an evacuation or support protocol that regulates the transport of injured persons or the bringing in of medical personnel. Normally these 'MedEvac' missions are flown by helicopters, as they are best suited for evacuation missions during ongoing battles due to their flexibility.
An Airbus-type MedEvac machine was used for the first time in November 2000 when injured Palestinian children were brought to Germany from the Gaza Strip for treatment. In addition, the machines came, among other things, during the Elbe flood of the century in 2002 , after the attack on Bundeswehr soldiers in the Afghan capital Kabul in 2003, during the return transports of injured people after the 2004 Indian Ocean seaquake in Phuket ( Thailand ) and of wounded soldiers in early April Deployed in 2010 after battles between the Bundeswehr and the Taliban. In 2019, injured German tourists were flown to Germany for treatment after a bus accident in Madeira. MedEvac missions take place continuously as required and, if necessary, also within the framework of international assistance. For example, a mission took place in September 2014, during which the A310 flew injured Ukrainian soldiers for treatment in the Ukraine crisis . Further flights to transport Ukrainian or Kurdish patients from the ranks of the Peshmerga in northern Iraq to Germany took place repeatedly in 2015 and 2016.
During the COVID-19 pandemic , intensive care patients from Italy were flown to Germany with MedEvac aircraft belonging to the Bundeswehr . Six patients were transported with ventilators per flight .
literature
- Holger Scholl: Luftrettung , S + K Verlag, ISBN 3-932750-77-2 , p. 315 ff.
- Jochen Hinkelbein, Eckard Glaser (Eds.): Flugmedizin , UniMed Verlag, Bremen, 2007.
See also
Web links
- Web presence of the medical service with further information , accessed on February 21, 2011
- Luftwaffe website with further information , accessed on February 21, 2011
- MedEvac: The Air Force's flying intensive care unit , Bild.de, published on April 16, 2010, accessed on February 21, 2011
- Royal family visits readiness for flight and inspects MedEvac-Airbus , bundestag.de, published on January 17, 2011, accessed on February 21, 2011
- Bundeswehr TV: Transall C160 - AirMedEvac training for the Bundeswehr ( YouTube video, February 29, 2016)
swell
- ↑ https://www.bmvg.de/de/aktuelles/a400m-intensivstation-26564 .
- ↑ Transall C-160D on Luftwaffe.de, as of May 8, 2014, accessed on August 21, 2017.
- ↑ A310 MedEvac on Luftwaffe.de, accessed on January 31, 2013.
- ^ First use of the Airbus A319 CJ as MedEvac , Luftwaffe.de, accessed on January 31, 2013.
- ↑ https://www.bmvg.de/de/aktuelles/a400m-intensivstation-26564ut/p/c4/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP3I5EyrpHK9nHK98sS0NL2M0qRiveT80nT9cJDilFQgJy-1BESWpOaVZALJ9KLEkvwivYL8opIckExpURFQRi8zRT_SwNDFycDMAAYMa8y9_byM3M2NLDz93Pz1C3JzHQGfSefb/ Reliable, fast and modern - the ready for flight shank , accessed on January 31, 2013.
- ↑ Medical Service Bundeswehr: StratAirMedEvac. Retrieved August 13, 2017 .
- ↑ Injured soldiers brought to Hamburg from the Ukraine. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. September 3, 2014, accessed September 3, 2014 .
- ↑ tagesschau.de: Bundeswehr brings Covid-19 sick Italians to NRW. Retrieved April 3, 2020 .