Madchalism

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Madchalism (التيار المدخلي) is an Islamist current or movement within Salafism , which is based on the writings of Sheikh Rabīʿ ibn Hādī al-Madchalī (ربيع بن هادي عمير المدخلي), a professor at the Islamic University of Medina . Founded in Saudi Arabia , the movement later lost its support there and was mostly pushed into Muslim communities in Europe. The political scientist Omar Ashour described them as sect-like .

history

Rabīʿ al-Madchalī, after whom Madchalism is named, was a member of the Saudi Arabian Muslim Brotherhood until the late 1980s . The movement he founded is clearly opposed to this, as well as to the rival Qutbism ideology. Since its founding in the early 1990s, Madchalism has been promoted by the Saudi Arabian and Egyptian governments, as it was supposed to act as a counterweight to the more extreme Islamist movements. During this time, numerous radical jihadists converted to Madchalism, especially in the Salafist stronghold of Buraida .

Later, however, numerous high-ranking religious figures from Saudi Arabia denounced Madchalism; there was direct criticism from the Saudi Arabian Grand Mufti and member of the Standing Committee on Legal Affairs , ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz bin ʿAbdullāh Āl al-Sheikh (عبد العزيز آل الشيخ). As a result, the movement quickly lost its support within the Arab world and its influence in Saudi Arabia. In the early 2010s, a Malchalist branch was founded in western Kazakhstan , although the Kazakh government is rather suspicious of Islamists. Regardless, Western analysts have described the movement as being pushed mainly towards Europe. In the Netherlands , for example, the Madchalists and their families are said to already make up over half of the Salafists.

Muhammad al-Madchalī (brother of Rabee Al-Madkhali and one of the leaders of the movement) against Islamists loyal destroyed on 24 August 2012 Sufi - shrines in the Libyan town of Zliten construction machines and bulldozers. This act was strongly condemned by 22 non-governmental organizations , the Minister for Religious Affairs of the Libyan National Transitional Council , Hamza Abu Faris (حمزة أبو فارس), and the UNESCO Director General Irina Bokowa . The Libyan National Transitional Council lodged a complaint against Muhammad al-Madchalī with the Saudi Arabian government.

dogma

Madchalism is often compared to Wahhabism , although both have partly adopted the same dogmas from other movements. Because of their differences, media analysts have generally warned against equating or generalizing such Islamist movements.

While other groups of Islamism often oppose dictatorial governments in the Middle East , the Madchalism movement is clearly supported by these regimes. Although they are equated with other Salafist and Islamist groups, the Madchalists are particularly known for their rivalries with the Salafist jihadists and their resistance against them. Madchalism is described as quietistic and politically inactive. In contrast to most Salafist movements, he does not undertake any organized political efforts and even goes so far as to declare those who participate in modern political systems to be apostates or apostates . The politically active Salafists are often interpreted by supporters of Madchalism as part of an international conspiracy against "real Salafism". On the other hand, Western intelligence agencies, for example in the United States of America, provide financial support to some Madchalist associations as well as certain groups of other Salafist movements.

Interaction with non-Muslim societies, under which most Madchalists live, also differs from other Islamist movements. While most Salafists in the western world are known for their lack of participation in society, Madchalists maintain at least minimal contact with non-Muslim circles. Unlike other Islamist movements, Madchalists do not seem interested in converting the Western population to Islam and are content with accepting and protecting their rights as a minority.

The polemics of the Madchalists are also very different from those of other Salafist groups. A typical feature should be, for example, attacking the opponent instead of leading the discourse on the actual topic of discussion. The leader of the movement, Rabīʿ al-Madchalī, plays a central role in contrast to rival movements such as Qutbism. In general, the Madchalists are ascribed a particular zeal in defending their leader. Praise from Salafist scholars is either dramatized or exaggerated. In addition, attempts are made to suppress and intimidate Salafists with dissenting views. It is strictly forbidden to question the Malchalist clergy, which can only be allowed in an absolute emergency.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Omayma Abdel-Latif: Trends in Salafism . In: Michael Emerson, K. Kausch, R. Youngs (eds.): Islamist Radicalization . The Challenge for Euro-Mediterranean Relations . CEPS & FRIDE, Brussels, Madrid 2009, ISBN 978-92-9079-865-1 , pp. 69-86 .
  2. ↑ The Muslim 500: Sheikh Rabee Ibn Haadi 'Umayr Al Madkhali. Retrieved January 2, 2014 .
  3. ↑ a b c Saudi Arabia Backgrounder: Who Are The Islamists? ICG Middle East Report . No. 31 . Amman, Riyadh, Brussels, 21 September 2004 ( PDF ).
  4. ^ Roel Meijer: Global Salafism . Islam's New Religious Movement . New York 2009, ISBN 978-0-231-15420-8 , pp. 33-51 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e Roel Meijer: Politicizing al-jarḥ wa-l-ta ʿ dīl . Rabīʿ b. Hādī al-Madchalī and the transnational battle for religious authority . In: Sebastian Günther , W. Kadi (Ed.): Islamic History and Civilization . tape 89 . Brill, Leiden, Boston 2011, ISBN 978-90-04-20389-1 , pp. 375-399 .
  6. ↑ a b Omar Ashour: Libyan Islamists unpacked: rise, transformation, and future: Policy Briefing . Doha, May 2012.
  7. ↑ Sherifa Zuhur: Decreasing Violence in Saudi Arabia and Beyond . In: Thomas M. Pick et al. (Ed.): Home-Grown Terrorism . Understanding and Addressing the Root Causes of Radicalization Among Groups with an Immigrant Heritage in Europe . IOS, Amsterdam 2009, ISBN 978-1-60750-075-9 , pp. 74-98 .
  8. ^ Hossam Tammam, P. Haenni: Islam in the insurrection? ( Memento of October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) . In: Al-Ahram Weekly . No. 1037 . Cairo 2011.
  9. ↑ Almaz Rysaliev: West Kazakstan under growing Islamic influence. In: Reporting Central Asia No. 653 September 5, 2011, accessed July 15, 2015 .
  10. ↑ Samir Amghar: Salafism and Radicalization of Young European Muslims . In: Samir Amghar et al. (Ed.): European Islam . Challenges for Society and Public Policy . Brussels 2007, ISBN 978-92-9079-710-4 , pp. 38-51 .
  11. ↑ a b c d e Martijn de Koning: The 'Other' Political Islam. Understanding Salafi Politics. In: Olivier Roy , A. Boubekeur (eds.): Whatever Happened to the Islamists? Salafis, Heavy Metal Muslims and the Lure of Consumerist Islam. Hurst, London 2012, ISBN 978-1-85065-941-9 , pp. 153-175.
  12. ↑ Extremists demolish Libya's shrines using bulldozers, explosives. In: France August 24 , 2012, accessed July 15, 2015 .
  13. ↑ Essam Mohamed: Libyan salafists destroy Sufi shrines. August 27, 2012, archived from the original on November 5, 2012 ; accessed on July 15, 2015 .
  14. ↑ UNESCO Director-General calls for an immediate halt to destruction of Sufi sites in Libya. In: UNESCO Media Services. August 28, 2012, archived from the original on February 3, 2016 ; accessed on July 15, 2015 .
  15. ↑ Jamie Dettmer: Ultraconservative Salafists Destroy Sufi Landmarks in Libya. September 4, 2012, accessed July 15, 2015 .
  16. ^ A b Richard Gauvain: Salafi Ritual Purity . In the Presence of God . Routledge, Abingdon, New York 2013, ISBN 978-0-7103-1356-0 , pp. 33-52 .
  17. ↑ Hani Nasira: Salafists Challenge al-Azhar for Ideological Supremacy in Egypt. In: Terrorism Monitor, Vol. 8, No. 35. The Jamestown Foundation, September 16, 2010, accessed July 15, 2015 .
  18. ↑ Abdullah Babood: Political Islam in the Gulf region . In: George Joffé (Ed.): Islamist Radicalization in Europe and the Middle East . Reassessing the Causes of Terrorism . Tauris, London 2013, ISBN 978-1-84885-480-2 , pp. 300-337 .
  19. ↑ Jarret M. Brachman, WF McCants: Stealing Al Qaeda's Playbook . In: Studies in Conflict & Terrorism . Volume 29, No. 4 , 2006, ISSN  1057-610X , p. 309-321 ( PDF ).
  20. ^ Roel Meijer: The Problem of the Political in Islamist Movements. In: Olivier Roy , A. Boubekeur (eds.): Whatever Happened to the Islamists? Salafis, Heavy Metal Muslims and the Lure of Consumerist Islam. Hurst, London 2012, ISBN 978-1-85065-941-9 , pp. 27-60.