Madie Beatrice Hall Xuma
Madie Beatrice Hall Xuma [ ˈkǁuma ] (born June 3, 1894 in Winston-Salem , USA ; † September 10, 1982 in Winston-Salem) was an American educator who fought for women's rights in South Africa and was a member of the African National Congress whose women's organization co-founded.
She spent her childhood with three other siblings in North Carolina . Her father, HH Hall, was the first black doctor and the founder of the first “black” hospital in her hometown. The mother, Ginny Cowan Hall, was a real estate manager. After her early years of study, she earned a Masters in Education from Columbia University and studied social work at Atlanta University .
During her studies at Shaw University in Raleigh , she was involved in the work of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWMC), worked as an employee of this organization in Lynchburg VA and then returned to her birthplace, Winston-Salem, to address black issues To use girls and women. Later, in Johannesburg , she founded similar self-help groups for black girls and women and named them Zenzele YWMC . Based in South Africa, she served on the top executive boards of the YWMC for eight years.
When she married Alfred Bitini Xuma in Cape Town in 1940, South Africa became the center of her life. Her husband was President of the African National Congress between 1940 and 1949. In 1943, a women's section was formed in the African National Congress. As part of this development, Madie Hall Xuma became the first elected president of the African National Congress Women's League (ANCWL). She held this position until 1948.
After her husband died in Soweto in 1962 , Madie Beatrice Hall Xuma emigrated back to the United States.
literature
- Iris Berger: An African American 'Mother of the Nation': Madie Hall Xuma in South Africa, 1940-1963 . In: Journal of Southern African Studies Vol. 27, No. 3 (September 2001), pp. 547-566
Web links
- South African History Online : Madie Hall-Xuma . on www.sahistory.org.za (English)
- South African History Online: History of Women's struggle in South Africa . on www.sahistory.org.za (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Madie Hall Xuma . at www.de.findagrave.com .
- ↑ Rachel E. Johnson: Making History, Gendering Youth: Young Women and South Africa's Liberation Struggles after 1976 . Dissertation ( Ph.D. ), University of Sheffield , Sheffield 2010. online at www.core.ac.uk (English, PDF) PDF pp. 115–116.
- ↑ Emily Herring Wilson, Susan Mullally: Hope and dignity: older black women of the south . Philadelphia 1983, p. 143.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hall Xuma, Madie Beatrice |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hall, Madie Beatrice |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | American educator and anti-apartheid campaigner |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 3, 1894 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Winston-Salem |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 10, 1982 |
| Place of death | Winston-Salem |