Magnus Gustav of Essen

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Lieutenant General Magnus Gustav von Essen (1758–1813)

Magnus Gustav von Essen ( Russian Иван Николаевич Эссен ) (born September 19, 1758 in Pöddes , Estonia; † July 8, 1813 in Baldohn , Courland) was a Russian lieutenant general and most recently military governor of Riga , as well as the owner of the Asserien estate . He was a holder of the Alexander Nevsky Order and the Order of St. Anne, 1st class with diamonds .

origin

His parents were Klaus Gustav von Essen (1720–1777) and his wife Magdalena Elisabeth von Stackelberg (born May 27, 1727). His father was the heir to Pöddes and Asserien (Estonia) as well as a Russian Seconde major and Estonian district administrator.

Life

He came to the Izmajlov Guard Regiment on February 20, 1772, where he was initially a simple soldier. On November 12, 1775, he went to the Nasheburg Infantry Regiment as a lieutenant. He fought in Poland from 1783 to 1784 and was badly wounded in the Battle of Byala. On June 26, 1786, he was adopted as Premier Major.

But from 1788 to 1790 he fought as Premier Major in the Estonian Jäger Corps in the Russo-Swedish War in Finland. He fought at Abber-Fors, Wolkolabi and Tranzund. From 1792 to 1794 he took part in the fighting in Poland as a lieutenant colonel . He fought at Selvi and Wilna. In 1794 he became a colonel for his bravery in the Battle of Kobylka ; In addition, on September 26, 1794, he received the Order of St. George, 4th class for Maciejovice . On September 26, 1794, he was transferred to the St.Peterbuger Grenadier Regiment, which he then commanded from 1797 to 1797.

On October 12, 1797 he was promoted to major general and appointed commander of the Černigov regiment. In 1799 he led the 1st division in the Russian landing corps in Holland and was also a commander after General Hermanns was captured. He fought victoriously in the 2nd battle near Bergen op Zoom, for this he was promoted to Lieutenant General and received the Order of St. Anne, 1st class . But because of his complaints about the English he fell out of favor with Tsar Paul I and was deposed as commander on November 10, 1799 at the premises of the Russian ambassador to England Vorontsow. But on November 14, 1800 he was rehabilitated and reinstated as chief of the Černigov regiment. On July 5, 1802, he came to Smolensk as the military governor and inspector of the infantry. From 1803 to 1810 he was stationed as military governor of Podolia and Volhynia in Kamenets-Podolsk , and he was also the inspector of the infantry in the Dnester Inspection.

During the Third Coalition War in 1805 he was with a reserve corps in Moravia, only 60 km from Austerlitz . In 1806 he became the commander of the infantry in the 1st Corps of the Moldavian Army and conquered Chotyn , for which he received the Order of St. Vladimir 2nd class . During the Fourth Coalition War in 1806 and 1807 he was stationed with a reserve corps on the western border. In 1807, however, he came to the main army as General du Jour due to illness . He was badly wounded in the Battle of Friedland . But in 1809 he came as a commander to the reserve corps near Moldova, but remained inactive there.

In 1810 he was transferred to Riga as military governor, and from May to October 1812 he was in command of both the troops and civil commander in chief in Livonia and Courland. He secured Riga with weak forces and at the same time made his first connections to the Prussian troops and Yorck , who fought with the French army. When the Prussians approached Riga, he had the suburbs burned down in order to get a clear field of fire and not offer the enemy any cover. The Prussians never attacked Riga, so he was attacked and replaced because of the burning down of the suburbs of Riga. In January 1813 he was given leave of absence due to illness and drowned during a spa treatment, which was interpreted as suicide.

He was buried in St. Juergens in Estonia.

family

On September 19, 1796, he married Margaretha von Stackelberg (* 1760; † May 19, 1841), widow of Friedrich von der Howen († 1793), heiress of Wait and Arrowal in Estonia. The couple had a daughter:

  • Elisabeth Anna Dorothea (born September 10, 1797 - † January 22, 1820) ⚭ 1817 Carl Magnus von der Pahlen (* March 2, 1779 - † June 1, 1863)

literature

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Reinhard Wittram : Baltic history. The Baltic countries of Livonia, Estonia, Courland 1180–1918. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1973, p. 168.
personal data
SURNAME From Essen, Magnus Gustav
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Эссен, Иван Николаевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian lieutenant general and most recently military governor of Riga, as well as owner of the Asseria estate
DATE OF BIRTH September 19, 1758
PLACE OF BIRTH Pöddes , Estonia
DATE OF DEATH July 8, 1813
Place of death Baldohn , Courland