Mahayana sutras

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The Mahayana Sutras are Buddhist discourses ( sūtra ), which are recognized as canonical , especially by the Mahayana schools . They were from the 1st century BC. Recorded. Based on the canon of early Buddhist writings ( Pali canon ) written in Pali , the collection of Mahayana Sutras is also called the Sanskrit canon . Most of these scriptures are originally written in Sanskrit or BHS (Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit). They form the basis for the various schools of Mahayana Buddhism , with certain sutra forming the basis for the individual schools; for example Lotus Sutra for Nichiren Buddhism , Heart Sutra and Diamond Sutra for Chan and Zen Buddhism, and the three Pure Land Sutras for Pure Land Buddhism .

Mahayana Buddhists assume that these scriptures - apart from some scriptures of Chinese origin - are authentic accounts of the doctrine as taught by the Buddha. Theravada Buddhists, on the other hand, consider the texts to be apocryphal . Tibetan Buddhists divide the esoteric teachings of the Buddha into 3 categories: the Hinayana , as well as the two Mahayana directions Prajnaparamita (perfecting wisdom) and Tathagatagarbha (Buddha nature).

Sutras

The most famous Mahayana scriptures include:

  • The Three Sutras of the Pure Land
    • Great Pure Land Sutra Sukhāvatīvyūha-Sūtra, (Chinese: 無量壽經, wúliángshòu jīng; Japanese Muryōju-kyō), Sutra of Immeasurable Life
    • Small Pure Land Sutra Amitabha Sutra, (Chinese: 阿 彌陀 經, amituo jing; Japanese Amida-kyō), Amida Sutra
    • Meditation sutra Amitāyurdhyāna-Sûtra, (Chinese: 觀 無量壽經, guan wuliangshou jing; Japanese Kanmuryōju-kyō), contemplation sutra

The five works of Buddha Maitreya on Asanga / Vasubandhu :

See also

literature

  • Dalai Lama : The Heart Sutra. The Buddhist Way to Happiness . OW Barth bei Scherz, Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-502-61138-6 (Comments on the Heart Sutra from the 14th Dalai Lama)
  • Thich Nhat Hanh : The Diamond Sutra: Commentaries on the Prajnaparamita Diamond Sutra . 2nd Edition. Theseus, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-89620-098-4 (sutra text + commentary.)
  • Birgit Schweiberer (Ed.): Sutra of the Golden Light: the Arya-Mahayana Sutra of the Holy Golden Light, which is called the mighty King of Sutras . Diamant-Verlag, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-9810682-2-X (Suvarnabhasottamasutra)
  • Peter Pfandt: Māhāyana Texts Translated into Western Languages ​​- A Bibliographical Guide . EJ Brill, Cologne 1986, ISBN 3-923956-13-4
  • Nanjo Bunyu, A Catalog of the Chinese Translations of the Buddhist Tripitaka, Oxford 1883; Digitized version (14.6 MB; PDF)
  • Moriz Winternitz : History of Indian Literature . Leipzig, 1920, Vol. 2: The Buddhist literature and the sacred texts of the Jainas. Digitized

Translations

  • Cowell, EG; Vagaakkedikā or Diamond Cutter; in: Sacred Books of the East (XLIX, pp 109-144); Oxford 1894 (Clarendon), reprint: New York 1969 (Dover).
  • Gemmell, William (transl.): The Diamond Sutra, Trübner, London 1912 Digitized
  • Margareta von Borsig (ex.): Lotos Sutra - The great book of enlightenment in Buddhism. Herder Verlag, new edition 2009. ISBN 978-3-451-30156-8
  • Katō Bunno, Tamura Yoshirō, Miyasaka Kōjirō (tr.), The Threefold Lotus Sutra: The Sutra of Innumerable Meanings; The Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Law; The Sutra of Meditation on the Bodhisattva Universal Virtue , Weatherhill & Kōsei Publishing, New York & Tōkyō 1975 Digitized (1.4 MB; PDF)
  • Kubo Tsugunari, Yuyama Akira (tr.) The Lotus Sutra . Revised 2nd ed. Berkeley, Calif. : Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 2007. ISBN 978-1-886439-39-9 digitized version (1.6 MB; PDF)
  • Yamamoto, Kosho (transl.), Page, Tony (ed.), The Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra in 12 Volumes, Nirvana Publications, London (1999-2000). Digitized version (PDF; 2.6 MB)
  • Torakazu Doi: Kegon Sutra. The Flower Garland Sutra. Volume I. Angkor Verlag, Frankfurt 2008; ISBN 978-3-936018-32-5 . (Avatamsaka Sutra)
  • Torakazu Doi: Kegon Sutra. The Flower Garland Sutra. Volume II. Angkor Verlag, Frankfurt 2008; ISBN 978-3-936018-33-2 .
  • Lu K`uan Yü (Charles Luk), The Surangama Sutra, Brighthill Buddhist Center Sri Lanka (Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc.), without date of publication Digitalisat (PDF; 2.0 MB)
  • McRae, John (2004). The Sutra of Queen Śrīmālā of the Lion's Roar and the Vimalakīrti Sutra. Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research. ISBN 1886439311 digitized version ( Memento from September 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  • Hisao Inagaki , Harold Stewart (transl.): The Three Pure Land Sutras, Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research 2003. ISBN 1-886439-18-4 digitized ( Memento from December 25, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.2 MB)
  • Gable, Rolf, transl. (2006), The Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sutra, Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, Berkeley, ISBN 978-1-886439-32-0 digitized ( memento from March 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.6 MB)
  • Zimmermann, Michael (2002), A Buddha Within: The Tathāgatagarbhasūtra ( Memento November 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), Biblotheca Philologica et Philosophica Buddhica VI, The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology, Soka University. (6.1 MB; PDF)

Web links

Wikisource: Heart Sutra  - Sources and Full Texts