Malacosteinae

Malacosteinae
Malacosteus niger
Systematics
Overcohort : Clupeocephala Cohort : Euteleosteomorpha Sub-cohort : Stomiati Order : Maulstachler (Stomiiformes) Family : Whale dragonfish (Stomiidae) Subfamily : Malacosteinae
Scientific name
Malacosteinae
Gill , 1893

The Malacosteinae (translated " soft bone fish") are a subfamily of stomiidae (Stomiidae). They live in the open sea of ​​all oceans at depths of 1000 to 4000 meters.

features

In the Malacosteinae, the mouth is extremely enlarged, the mouth crack extends far behind the eye. In addition, the fish has a special skull shape. The jaw is steered on a rearwardly directed mandibular stalk, the brain skull is shortened and is almost vertical. The lower jaw has fangs in front; the floor of the mouth (the skin between the lower jaw and hyoid ) has shrunk (except for a tube for blood vessels, nerves and the geniohyoid muscle ) to make it easier for the lower jaw to jump forward . For this purpose, the skull is first extremely "thrown into the neck" by the back muscles, which also causes the mandibular stem (essentially the hyomandibel ) to swing forward and the lower jaw to be lowered. The lower jaw teeth are then hammered into the prey from below (without abutment of the upper jaw!); Finally, this is pushed into the gullet by turning the skull back and swinging the pedicel back. This “trap mask” is (remotely) similar to that of a dragonfly larva.

The dorsal and anal fin and the pelvic fins are located far back on the body (shock robbers). The fish are black and are 15 to 26 cm long. The genus Aristostomias has a beard .

Fin formula : dorsal 14–28, anal 17–32

Systematics

According to current phylogenetic studies, the delimitation of the Malacosteinae from the "neighboring" subfamily of scaleless dragonfish (Melanostomiinae) is not correct. Here, however, the genera and species traditionally counted among the Malacosteinae:

• Aristostomias
  • Aristostomias grimaldii Zugmayer, 1913 .
  • Aristostomias lunifer Regan & Trewavas, 1930 .
  • Aristostomias polydactylus Regan & Trewavas, 1930 .
  • Aristostomias scintillans (Gilbert, 1915) .
  • Aristostomias tittmanni Welsh, 1923 .
  • Aristostomias xenostoma Regan & Trewavas, 1930 .
• Malacosteus
  • Malacosteus australis Kenaley, 2007 .
  • Malacosteus niger ( Ayres , 1848) .
• Photostomias
  

  Photostomias atrox
  • Photostomias atrox (Alcock, 1890) .
  • Photostomias goodyeari Kenaley & Hartel, 2005 .
  • Photostomias guernei Collett, 1889 .
  • Photostomias liemi Kenaley, 2009 .
  • Photostomias lucingens Kenaley, 2009 .
  • Photostomias tantillux Kenaley, 2009 .

literature

• Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
• Klaus Günther, Kurt Deckert: Wunderwelt der Tiefsee , Herbig, 1950.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Ricardo Betancur-R., Richard E. Broughton, Edward O. Wiley, Kent Carpenter, J. Andrés López, Chenhong Li, Nancy I. Holcroft, Dahiana Arcila, Millicent Sanciangco, James C Cureton II, Feifei Zhang, Thaddaeus Buser, Matthew A. Campbell, Jesus A Ballesteros, Adela Roa-Varon, Stuart Willis, W. Calvin Borden, Thaine Rowley, Paulette C. Reneau, Daniel J. Hough, Guoqing Lu, Terry Grande, Gloria Arratia, Guillermo Ortí: The Tree of Life and a New Classification of Bony Fishes. PLOS Currents Tree of Life. 2013 Apr 18 [last modified: 2013 Apr 23]. Edition 1. doi: 10.1371 / currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288 , PDF ( Memento of the original from October 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 

Web links

• Malacosteinae on Fishbase.org (English)