Malyuta Skuratov

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Metropolitan Philip II and Malyuta Skuratow

Malyuta Skuratov ( Russian Малюта Скуратов ), actually Grigory Skuratov Lukjanowitsch-Belskij (russ. Григорий Лукьянович Скуратов-Бельский) († 1. January 1573 in front of White Stone ) was a notorious leader of the oprichniki under Tsar Ivan IV .

Malyuta Skuratov was known as the judge and executioner of Vladimir Andreevich Staritsky, called Dimitrovsky (Russian Влади́мир Андре́евич Ста́рицкий (Дмитровский), * 1533, † October 9, 1569), who was able to make claims to the Tsar's cousin. Ivan IV had him eliminated in this way. Skuratov joined the oprichniki when, soon rose because of its coolness and cruel hardship to their leader and led a number of executions , which Ivan IV ordered. He strangled the metropolitans . (Russ. Филипп II) Philip II, born as Fyodor Stepanovich Kolytschew ( Russian Фёдор Степанович Колычев;. * February 11, 1507 in Moscow, † December 23, 1569 (murdered)), he was the chancellor Ivan Mikhailovich Wiskowaty (Russian Иван Михайлович Висковатый) on 25 July 1570, due supposedly triple. treason alive of his oprichniki, he ordered Ivan's treasurer Nikita Funikow (Russian: Ники́та Фу́ников) to be cruelly executed, and was involved in dozens more executions that day.

He was the responsible leader in the extermination and punitive expedition against Novgorod in January 1570, during which thousands of citizens were cruelly murdered, allegedly for high treason in favor of Sigismund II of Poland , many also by his hand. In the following year he was the lead investigator in the investigation into the defeat of Ivan's army against the Crimean Tatars under Khan of the Crimea Devlet I. Giray .

Only two years later he was killed during the siege fighting off Weißenstein in the Livonian War . It is located next to his father in the Joseph Monastery of Wolokolamsk (Russian Ио́сифо-Волокола́мский монасты́рь) near the Russian city of the same name. He was related to the future Tsar Boris Godunov , who married his daughter Maria Grigorievna.

Sergei Eisenstein immortalized him in his film Ivan the Terrible Part I and Part II , and he also plays a role in the Tsar's Bride by Nikolai Rimski-Korsakow .

literature

  • John Mortimer (Ed.): Mirror or Literature, Amusement, and Instruction . London, 1843 digitized
  • Ruslan Grigoryevich Skrynnikow: Ivan the Terrible and his time . Verlag CH Beck, Munich 1992; ISBN 3-406-36492-6

supporting documents

  1. ↑ John Mortimer (Ed.): Mirror or Literature, Amusement, and Instruction . London, 1843; P. 360 ff
personal data
SURNAME Skuratov, Malyuta
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Скура́тов, Малю́та (Russian); Lukjanowitsch Skuratow-Belskij, Grigory (real name); Лукьянович Скуратов-Бельский, Григорий (real name, Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Leader of the oprichniki under Tsar Ivan IV.
DATE OF BIRTH 16th Century
DATE OF DEATH January 1, 1573
Place of death Weissenstein