Mandra lake
| Mandra lake | ||
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| The Mandra Lake | ||
| Geographical location | Bulgaria | |
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| Coordinates | 42 ° 25 '24 " N , 27 ° 23' 29" E | |
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The Mandra Lake ( Bulgarian Мандренско езеро Mandrensko ezero ) is located immediately south of Burgas , a port city on the Black Sea. The lake is part of the Burgasseen lake landscape and the “Burgas Wetlands” project . Today the lake is divided in two by a dam and lies along the Via Pontica , here in the meaning of the east north-south migration route of migratory birds .
The lake forms the border of the Burgas Plain in the north and the Strandschagebirge with the nature park of the same name in the south. In the north, the lake is surrounded in places by the Meden Rudnik district and other suburbs. The lake was created artificially and has a great abundance of fish.
More than 250 species of birds, which are listed in the red book of Bulgaria , nest here . a. also pelicans and cormorants .
history
Older names of the lake are Korfez, Achrenslijsko Marsch and Jazekljiski. The name Körfez is derived from the Turkish word of the same name and means bay. The lake was mentioned under this name in 1493. In 1844 Konstantin Jireček reported that the lake was 10 km long and between one and two kilometers wide and that it was a liman open to the east with weak but rhythmic tides . In summer and especially in easterly winds, the salt content increases. According to a report by Prof. Bonchev from 1912, the lake had an area of 16,500 km² and was smaller than Lake Burgas . The report also stated that the depth at the outflow of the lake in the Poda area (now the Poda Nature Reserve ) was 5 meters and in the western part between 70 and 80 centimeters.
The lake was in pristine condition until 1934, when the first corrections were made to its banks and the mouths of its tributaries. For example, dams were built in the western part to protect the farmland and the nearby refugee quarters ( Thracian Bulgarians ).
In 1963 the dam was built, which led to the fact that today most of the lake is a freshwater reservoir and its area has increased four times. This interrupted the free flow of the lake and flooded large parts of the marshland . In this context, the only colony of great white pelicans in Bulgaria disappeared .
The lake today
The Mandra Lake is the largest of the four Burgasse lakes with a water surface of 130 km². It is 8 km long and up to 1.3 km wide. The four rivers Isworska, Sredezska, Fakijska and Rusokastrenska flow into it. In the east it is bounded by a dam that was built directly at the southern end of Burgas. Other places on the bank are Konstantinowo , Dimtschewo and Prissad .
After the construction of the dam, the present-day Poda and Usungeren marshland remained east of the lake , which were declared nature reserves in 1989 and 2005 respectively. Part of the Mandra Lake was declared a nature reserve in 1980. In 1990, with the mouth of the Isworska River in Lake Mandra, another protected area was added. In the west and southwest, the lake merges into the forests of the Strandscha Mountains.
gallery
The Mandra Lake, Burgas and the region south of it in 1903
Map of the lakes around the city of Burgas
The eastern end of the lake with the dam and the Meden Rudnik district
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Ivan Karajotow, Stojan Rajtschewski, Mitko Iwanow: История на Бургас (on German, for example, History of the City of Burgas), 2011, ISBN 978-954-92689-1-1 , p. 296
Web links
- Бургаски влажни зони
- Mandra-Poda complex. Important Bird Areas , www.birdsinbulgaria.org