Manic language

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Manisch is a regional variant of Rotwelschen that emerged in Gießen , Marburg , Wetzlar and Bad Berleburg (Wittgenstein) as a sociolect of marginalized groups . It is a secret language special vocabulary used on the basis of the local Central Hessian dialect or Wittgensteiner Platt .

Linguistic and social science research results

For Giessen, of 574 scientifically documented word stems, 402 (70%) borrowed from Romani , 84 (14.6%) German, 65 (11.3%) Yiddish , 10 (1.7%) other languages ​​and 13 (2 , 3%) are of unclear origin. The Berleburger Manisch also predominantly has roots from the Romani.

The Central Hessian speakers describe their language as "Manic" (with the Red Welsch word manic "Gypsy", from Romani Manush "Human, member of the Roma"), but reject the designation as "Manic" for themselves, under which they from of the rest of the population are summarized with the Roma , and rather call themselves Yeniche .

Giessen, Margaretenhütte suburb, around 1930

Manisch was or is spoken in Giessen in particular in three residential quarters, the so-called " Gummiinsel " as well as the "Margaretenhütte" and the "Eulenkopf", in Marburg in the districts of Richtsberg , Waldtal and Cappel, in Wetzlar in the former "Finsterloh" and in Bad Berleburg in the suburban settlement on the Lause. Sinti and Yenish families (regional foreign name: Meckese [r]) have settled in Gießen since the end of the 19th century and in Bad Berleburg since the end of the 18th century .

In addition, Manisch was and is sometimes still spoken today in Frankfurt-Bonames in the area of ​​the Bonameser Strasse residential community .

The manic may be threatened with extinction and only a few people have a significant vocabulary, but some words live on in the local colloquial and youth language . One example is moss : the manic term for woman, which can be increased by the morpheme {chef-} to chefmoss for '(particularly) beautiful woman'. A certain change in prestige can be identified in manic. Originally it functioned genuinely as a secret language for the stigmatized lower classes, today lexical fragments of the sociolect are even used boldly in city marketing.

Although in these contexts the interjection Ulai (expression of astonishment; because of the lack of codification of the manic also Ulei , Olai , Orlei etc.) is assigned to the manic, this etymological connection has not yet been proven. It can be assumed that the fragments of manic still used today have coincided with the so-called youth and colloquial language.

Trivia

In 2015, the actor Til Schweiger , who grew up in Gießen, answered questions about the manic in his homeland from the editorial team of Zeit magazine .

The Gießen 46ers Rackelos basketball team derives its name expressly from the manic word for boy , child or offspring .

literature

  • Hans-Günter Lerch: "Tschü lowi ..." (transl .: "No money ...") The manic in Giessen. The secret language of a social fringe group, its history and its sociological background. Anabas Verlag, Gießen 1976, ISBN 3-87038-048-9 (revised version of a Gießen dissertation from 1973, with dictionary), 1981, 2nd edition, ISBN 3-87038-079-9 ; Special edition for the 175th anniversary of the Ferber'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung, Ferber, Gießen 1997, ISBN 3-927835-91-9
  • Ulrich Friedrich Opfermann: Relics of the Manic and the Yenish in Wittgenstein and in Siegerland. In: Klaus Siewert (Ed.): Aspects and results of special language research. II. International Symposium May 28 to 31, 1997 in Brussels, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 1999, ISBN 3-447-04193-5 , pp. 111-134 ( special language research , vol. 4)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Hans-Günter Lerch: The manic in Gießen: the secret language of a social fringe group, its history and its sociological background. Giessen 1976, p. 149.
  2. ^ Ulrich Friedrich Opfermann: Relics of the Manic and the Yenish in Wittgenstein and in the Siegerland. In: Klaus Siewert: Aspects and results of special language research. II. International Symposium May 28 to 31, 1997 in Brussels (Special Language Research, Vol. 4), Wiesbaden 1999, pp. 111-134.
  3. Lerch: The manic in casting. P. 12 (Chapters 1.1.2 and 1.1.3).
  4. When the Tschabo puts on the Spannuckele in Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung on October 22, 2017, page R3
  5. Lerch: The manic in casting. P. 78 ff.
  6. Lerch: The manic in casting. P. 317 f.
  7. Lerch: The manic in casting. P. 134 (Chapter 4.3.4: Transitions to colloquial language).
  8. "chu Lowi, chu Buijen, chu Rackelo". In: Zeit.de/zeit-magazin. June 19, 2015, accessed June 12, 2017 .