Marcus Tullius Tiro
Marcus Tullius Tiro (* around 103 BC in Arpinum ; † 4 BC near Puteoli ) was first a slave , then a freedman Marcus Tullius Ciceros .
A slave born in the house, he grew up with Cicero, three years his senior, and came to Rome with his family . He was born on April 28, 53 BC. Released on the Formianum and accompanied Cicero in 51 BC. During his governorship to Cilicia . On the return trip, however, he had to part with his patron for health reasons and stay behind. Only in the year 47 BC BC both met again in Rome. After Caesar's murder, Tiro took care of the financial affairs of his patron in Rome and took care of the correspondence with Cicero's son-in-law Dolabella . After Cicero's murder, he withdrew to a small estate near Puteoli , even spared the proscriptions .
Tiro served Cicero as secretary , and increasingly also as confidante. He published Cicero's speeches after his death, collected the letters of his patron (which were not published until later) and wrote a biography of the speaker (not preserved, but used by Plutarch ). Other works on Latin usage ( de usu atque ratione linguae Latinae ) and various topics ( de variis atque promiscuis quaestionibus ) have also only been preserved in individual fragments . He is also said to have dealt with the writing of a tragedy.
.jpg)
Tiro is best known for the invention of the ancient Roman shorthand , which has been known as Tironic notes since the 16th century . Tiro developed them so that he could take notes on Cicero's speeches. According to Plutarch, at the Senate session on the fate of the Catilinarians on December 5, 63 BC For the first time the speeches were recorded in shorthand.
Tiro appears as a fictional character in several more recent works of fiction. He is the first-person narrator in the novels Imperium , Titan and Dictator by Robert Harris , which depict the life and personality of Cicero. He also appears in the Detective Story Series Roma Sub Rosa by Steven Saylor frequently. He also appeared in some of the SPQR novels by John Maddox Roberts .
literature
- Herbert Boge: The Tironic Notes - the Roman Tachygraphy. In: The ancient world. Volume 12, Issue 1, 1966, pp. 39-50.
- Marieluise Deißmann-Merten : Tiro 1. In: The Little Pauly (KlP). Volume 5, Stuttgart 1975, Col. 862.
- Sonja Klimek, Robert Klimek : Tiro. In: Peter von Möllendorff , Annette Simonis, Linda Simonis (ed.): Historical figures of antiquity. Reception in literature, art and music (= Der Neue Pauly . Supplements. Volume 8). Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2013, ISBN 978-3-476-02468-8 , Sp. 997-1000.
- Michaela Zelzer : Tiro [1]. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 12/1, Metzler, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-476-01482-7 , column 614 f.
Web links
- Tironic notes in the typographic dictionary
Remarks
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Tiro, Marcus Tullius |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Tullius Tiro, Marcus |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Roman scholar, secretary to Marcus Tullius Cicero |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 103 BC Chr. |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Arpinum |
| DATE OF DEATH | 4 v. Chr. |
| Place of death | Puteoli |