Maria Olip

Maria Olip (born Županc , called Micka or Mitzi ; born March 29, 1913 in Ebriach ; † April 29, 1943 in Vienna ) was a Slovenian resistance fighter against National Socialism in Carinthia .

Life

The worker Maria Zupanc was the daughter of Keuschler George and Barbara Zupanc Pegrin. She was the sister of Ivan and Miha Županc, who were also both in the resistance. She had worked illegally with her brothers in Zauchen under the leadership of Valentin Kordesch in the KPÖ . She was married to Max Olip from Zell-Pfarre , the nephew of Thomas Olip (1884–1943).

The worker in Eisenkappel provided courier services for her brother Ivan Županc . In 1942, at a lecture by her brother Ivan in her brother Miha's chaste, she reported how she “not only kept in touch with the old comrades, but had also established contact with a number of new ones, and that she would try especially to recruit soldiers who come on vacation to bring the comrades together so that they can be won over to join the partisans. ”On behalf of Franc Weinzierl, she sent Johann Rozmann in Klagenfurt a letter in which he was invited to work with the partisans. She helped Franc Pasterk, who was on home leave from the Wehrmacht, in Klagenfurt to flee to the partisans in Upper Carniola . In mid-September 1942, after a battle with the 2nd Slovenian Kokra Battalion, the Germans came across a Slovenian letter Županc 'which also spoke of the “sick sister”; Mitzi's involvement with the Osvobodilna Fronta (OF) became apparent.

On November 11, 1942, two alleged partisans, Helmut Sovetz and Felix Koprivnik, came to the Golopkeusche on the Waschnigberg near Ebriach. Sovetz made friends with Maria, who thought he was a communist-minded woodworker and told him about an upcoming meeting with partisans. In the evening Mitzi came with two men. They were surprised by the SS . Obviously Mitzi had been killed by two informers. When the wounded man was being transported away, Mitzi suddenly jumped into the bushes and was gone. On the way back to Eisenkappel, she was found the next day during a search at the Ebriach bridge and arrested by an SS patrol. Maria Haller later saw Mitzi again on a shower day in Klagenfurt prison; she had wounds all over her body from the torture. The People's Court calls her a “fanatical hater and agitator” and a “ shotgun woman ”.

Mitzi Olip was interrogated and tortured for more than two months; some of her teeth were knocked out. In the Gestapo prison she saw other prisoners who had been beaten being carried out. Her extorted confessions led to numerous arrests; Due to her language difficulties - she hardly understood German and was unable to get an interpreter - the interrogation protocol was subject to numerous distortions. When the indictment was presented to her shortly before the trial, she distanced herself from numerous statements that she had never made. She saw Weinzierl, whose hand had been chained to one foot. She was sentenced to death by the People's Court under Roland Freisler on April 12, 1943, among the main defendants, as the only woman, and executed in Vienna on April 29. "Such a beautiful day outside and I'll have to die," she said after the trial. She, too, was exhumed in Vienna after the war and buried in Zell-Pfarre.

literature

• Wilhelm Baum : Maria Olip b. Županc. In: Wilhelm Baum, Peter Gstettner, Hans Haider, Vinzenz Jobst & Peter Pirker (eds.): The book of names. The victims of National Socialism in Carinthia. Kitab-Verlag, Klagenfurt 2010, ISBN 978-3-902585-53-0 , pp. 642-644
• Documentation archive of the Austrian resistance (ed.): Search for traces. Narrated story of the Carinthian Slovenes. Volume 4 of Told History. Reports from men and women in resistance and persecution. Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1990, ISBN 321507446X
• KPÖ Kärnten (Ed.): Josef Nischelwitzer 1912-1987. Sketches from his life and time. Klagenfurt 1988
• Franc Kattnig (Ed.): All Slovenes. Attempt to document from the files of the People's Court in Berlin. Klagenfurt 1978
• Max Muchitsch: The Red Relay. From Triglav to Hochschwab. Globus, Vienna 1985, ISBN 3853641547
• Thomas Olip : Like a bird locked in a cage. The Diary of Thomas Olip. Published by Wilhelm Baum. Kitab-Verlag, Klagenfurt 2010, ISBN 978-3-902585-56-1
• Karel Prušnik-Gašper: Chamois on the avalanche. The Carinthian partisan struggle. Drava, Klagenfurt 1980; Wieser, 2006, ISBN 3851295625
• Ingomar Pust : Titostern over Carinthia. 1942-1945. Carinthian Abwehrkampfbund, Klagenfurt 1984
• Maria Tidl: Women in the Resistance. Women in the fight against fascism and war. 4th edition. Vienna 1982
• August Walzl: Against National Socialism. Resistance to Nazi rule in Carinthia, Slovenia and Friuli. Carinthia, Klagenfurt 1994, ISBN 3853784100
• Wilhelm Baum: The Freisler Trials in Carinthia. Evidence of resistance against the Nazi regime in Austria, Klagenfurt 2011, Kitab, ISBN 978-3-902585-77-6 , esp. 52-67.