Marianne Kraus

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Marianne Kraus

Maria Anna "Marianne" Walpurgis Kraus (married Lämmerhirt ; * May 8, 1765 in Buchen (Odenwald) , † May 24, 1838 in Erbach (Odenwald) ) was a German painter and lady-in-waiting who was also active as a writer.

Life

artistic education

Marianne Kraus was the youngest daughter of 14 children of the Electorate of Mainz, Joseph Bernhard Kraus, and Anna Dorothea born. Schmidt was born in Buchen. She attended the Höhere Töchterinstitut in Mannheim and received lessons in drawing and painting at the school of the Welschnonnen in Mainz , later with the electoral cabinet landscape painter Ferdinand Kobell in Mannheim, in 1781 with Caspar Schneider (1753-1839) in Mainz and finally from 1785 to 1786 with hers Uncle Christian Georg Schütz , and Johann Georg Pforr (1745–1798). From her uncle she took over the love of drawing river landscapes with farmsteads.

Stay in Italy in 1791

She turned down an art scholarship offered by Ferdinand Kobell and in 1790 became lady-in-waiting to the wife of Count Franz von Erbach-Erbach in Erbach. Marianne Kraus' employer was an important art collector who, together with his wife and her entourage - including the painter Marianne Kraus - undertook a trip to Italy to supplement their own art collection. Here Marianne Kraus got to know artists like Angelika Kauffmann and Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein . In Rome she took drawing lessons from the engraver Wilhelm Friedrich Gmelin , and in Naples she was trained by the landscape painter Jakob Philipp Hackert . During her trip to Italy, Marianne Kraus wrote down her experiences under the title Collection of all sorts noted for me on my trip to Italy at the beginning of 1791 . They still provide an illuminating picture of late 18th century Italy.

Motherhood and end of artistic career

In 1798, at the age of 33, she married Graflich-Erbach's court advisor Georg Lämmerhirt (1763-1813), the son of a teacher and organist who had been trained in Protestant theology in Göttingen, but later became an administrator. Marianne Kraus gave birth to several children in the following years and turned away from painting due to new motherhood responsibilities. Even after the death of her husband, she did not return to painting. She died in 1838. Her travel log first appeared in 1931 but was largely ignored by the public. Her graphic works have not yet been artistically "rediscovered" and are now partially shown in a museum in Buchen, her native city, dedicated to her older brother, the German-Swedish composer Joseph Martin Kraus .

literature

  • Helmut Brosch (ed.): "Noted for me on my trip to Italy in 1791". Travel diary of the painter and lady-in-waiting from Erbach, Marianne Kraus . Bezirksmuseum Buchen, Buchen 1996, ISBN 3-923699-18-2 .
  • Irmela Körner (Ed.): Women trips to Italy. 19th century writers describe the land they long for . Promedia, Vienna 2005, pp. 71–97, ISBN 3-85371-239-8 , ( women's trips ).

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