Marie Schulz

Marie Schulz (born September 16, 1882 in Bunzlau , † January 19, 1935 in Hindelang im Allgäu) was a German politician ( DDP ), historian , educator , teacher and women's rights activist .

Live and act

Marie Schulz was born in Silesia . Her mother, Clara Maria, née Landsberger, came from a Jewish family and converted to Christianity when Marie was a child. Her father Julius Schulz, a Protestant, was a factory director and active in local politics on the city council. Marie attended the municipal high school for girls and the Breslau high school courses for girls and passed the "external" Abitur. In 1897 the father died and the mother became seriously ill. Her brother Fritz took over responsibility for the family and in 1902 arranged for the relocation to Freiburg im Breisgau to give his siblings better study conditions.

Schulz studied history, German, geography and Latin and was one of the first women historians in Germany to do her doctorate in 1909 with the Freiburg medievalist Georg von Below . In 1909 von Below published Marie Schulz's treatise on the historical methodology of the Middle Ages, which is still frequently cited in the context of historiography.

In 1910 Schulz passed the state examination for the teaching profession in Karlsruhe and in 1912 got a permanent position in Gera , where she initially worked as a teacher until 1920.

Together with her brother, the lawyer Fritz Schulz , she became a founding member of the German Democratic Party (DDP) in 1918 . Schulz was a co-founder of the party's local branch in Gera, became an active state politician and one of the first female MPs in Germany. She worked in the Reuss state parliament from 1919 to 1920 and in the Thuringian state parliament from 1920 to 1928 . For political work, Schulz took a leave of absence from teaching at the Zabel School in Gera. The subject of education, especially girls' education, remained one of her priorities. Schulz was one of the most important DDP members in the Thuringian state parliament. “Her male colleagues fully recognized the clever, courageous and hardworking parliamentarian, and valued her reliability in legal consultations and her sharp logic. The whole house always paid full attention to the clear and skilful speaker, especially since her remarks were often quick-witted and humorous, ”wrote Marianne Pomplitz in her obituary in the magazine“ Die Frau ”in 1935.

Schulz belonged to the "bourgeois-moderate women's movement ", whose activists often organized in the DDP after 1918, such as B. Gertrud Bäumer , who was a member of the Reichstag of the Thuringian DDP. In the Thuringian state parliament, the DDP had the highest percentage of women of all parties during Marie Schulz's time as MPs. In order to promote equality between women, Schulz had no contact problems with politicians from other parties, so in 1921, together with Emma Sachse ( SPD ) , she submitted the application for "admission of women to legal professions and activities"

Schulz was also committed to her priorities in women's and educational policy, for example against anti-Semitism in Thuringia: “We consider anti-Semitism to be an extremely dangerous widespread disease that has now developed into a particularly high and dangerous level in the wake of the war .... “She belonged to the“ Literary Chamber of Experts ”in the Thuringian Ministry of Justice, whose members examined questions of copyright law.

In August 1928 Schulz resigned from her parliamentary seat and returned to school as a senior teacher at the Zabel School in Gera. After the transfer of power in 1933, she was no longer allowed to keep her previous position at the girls' school, refused to change location and school to a mixed school and was given early retirement at the age of 51.

Fonts (selection)

• The form of the historical work in the view of the historians of the Middle Ages (VI.-XIII. Centuries) and their dependence on rhetoric , Berlin 1909. [Diss.phil. Freiburg 1909]
• The doctrine of the historical method among the historians of the Middle Ages (6th-13th centuries) , Treatises on Middle and Modern History 13, ed. from V. Below, Finke and Meinecke, Berlin Leipzig 1909
• On the working method of Sigebert von Gembloux in Liber de scriptoribus ecclesiasticis, in: Miscellen, New Archive of the Society for Older German History, 1910, pp. 563-571
• Letters from KW Nitzsch to W. Maurenbrecher (1861–1880) , edited together with Georg von Below, in: Archiv für Kulturgeschichte (AfK) 8, 1910, I: pp. 305–366, II: pp. 437–468
• Letters from KW Nitzsch , with Georg von Below, in: Journal of the Society for Schleswig-Holstein History (ZSHG) 41, 1911

literature

• Heike Stange: The parliamentary work of women in Thuringia and their political biographies. In: Thüringer Landtag, Writings on the History of Parliamentarism in Thuringia, Volume 20: “Now finally women can become members of parliament!”, Weimar 2003, ISBN 3-89807-039-5 , pp. 57–70
• The emigration of German-speaking legal scholars from 1933. A bio-bibliographical handbook, ed. by Leonie Breunung and Manfred Walther, Berlin Boston 2012, p. 432ff (chapter on Fritz Schulz and his family)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Martin Josef Schermaier: Fritz Schulz (1879–1957), in: Festschrift 200 Years of Law Faculty of the Humboldt University in Berlin. History, Present and Future, ed. Stefan Grundmann, Michael Kloepfer, Christoph G. Paulus et al., 2010, p. 685. The family is listed for the first time in the Freiburg address book in 1907 - with the address also for the following years: Münchhoffstr. 4th
2. ↑ Example: Tünde Radek: The image of Hungary in the German-language historiography of the Middle Ages, Frankfurt am Main 2008, p. 284
3. ↑ Marianne Pomplitz: Dr. Marie Schulz, in: Die Frau, 7, 1935, p. 435, quoted in. according to Stange, p. 62
4. ↑ Stange p. 62, fn. 45: Stenographic reports I. Landtag, p. 640
5. ↑ Anti-Semitism in Thuringia
6. ↑ State Handbook Thuringia, 1931
7. ↑ BBF ( Memento of the original from January 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Library for educational history research) / people 
8. ^ On the working method of Sigebert von Gembloux in the Liber de scriptoribus ecclesiasticis

Web links

• Sylvia Paletschek: The History of Women Historians. On the relationship between historiography history and gender, Freiburger Frauenstudien 20 (2007), pp. 27–49.
• German National Library / People