Milk thistles

Milk thistles
	Milk thistle ( Silybum marianum )
Systematics
	Euasterids II
Order :	Astern-like (Asterales)
Family :	Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily :	Carduoideae
Tribe :	Cynareae
Genre :	Milk thistles
Scientific name
	Silybum
	Vaill.

Illustration of the milk thistle ( Silybum marianum ).

The Marie thistle ( Silybum ) are a genus in the subfamily Carduoideae from the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae).

description

In Silybum TYPES concerns upright, annual or biennial herbaceous plants reach stature heights of 15 to 300 cm. Their alternate leaves are strongly thorny serrated on the edge. The basal leaves and the lower stem leaves are petiolate, the middle and upper stem leaves sessile.

The large, cup-shaped inflorescences are single and terminal. There are four to six rows of bracts. The bract appendages are large, leaf-like, rounded to lanceolate, toothed with thorns on the edge and ending in a long thorn. The bottom of the basket is densely hairy. The baskets contain only 25 to 100 radially symmetrical tubular flowers; they are pink to purple in color. The stamens have grown together to form a tube.

The achenes are not ribbed. The double-row pappus consists of long outer and short inner coarse hairs connected at the base.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Silybum includes only two species:

Silybum eburneum Coss. & Durieu , based in Spain , Morocco , Algeria and Tunisia .
Milk thistle ( Silybum marianum ) ( L. ) Gaertn. , Syn. Carduus marianus L. , distributed from the Mediterranean region eastwards to Pakistan . It is grown as an ornamental and medicinal plant and is now naturalized in parts of North America and South America, among other places . As an inconsistent wilderness, it also occurs in many countries in Central and Northern Europe. It has the chromosome number 2n = 34.

literature

David J. Keil: Silybum. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 , pp. 164 (English, online ). (engl.).

Web links

Commons : Milk Thistle ( Silybum ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

^ Silybum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore). Silybum. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.
^ Karl Heinz Rechinger: Flora Iranica. Volume 139a: Compositae - Cynareae. Akademische Drucks- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1979, pp. 281–282.
↑ Silybum marianum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[Grin-1] Silybum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[Euro+Med-2] Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore). Silybum. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.

[Flora_Iranica-3] Karl Heinz Rechinger: Flora Iranica. Volume 139a: Compositae - Cynareae. Akademische Drucks- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz 1979, pp. 281–282.

[IPCN-4] Silybum marianum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis