Market pharmacy (Bretten)
The market pharmacy in Bretten dates back to the 17th century. Your building on the market square in Bretten essentially dates from the reconstruction period after the War of the Palatinate Succession . Between 1636 and 1870 the pharmacy was run by the Salzer family, who also held numerous municipal offices. The pharmacy was the only pharmacy in the city until 1950 and since then has had its current name to distinguish it from other Bretten pharmacies.
history
A pharmacy in Bretten could possibly have existed as early as the 16th century, as the Bretten-born pharmacist Johann Beyschlag is documented in Pforzheim in 1538 and a lady from the Beyschlag family later married into the Bretten pharmacist family Salzer. With Hans Ulrich Zobel, the first safe pharmacist in Bretten is proven from 1613 to 1617. He was followed by Tibutius Erasmus Stauf, whose traces are lost in the Thirty Years War .
Only the pastor's son and pharmacist Johann Ernst Salzer (1611–1652), who came from the Franconian Obersulzbach and was named as a pharmacist on the occasion of the baptism of his first son in Bretten in 1636, established a longer pharmacist tradition in the city. He may have come to the city in the wake of Bavarian troops during the Thirty Years War. It is uncertain whether his pharmacy was initially on the market. However, he will soon have moved into this location. Between 1636 and 1646, five children were born to him and his wife, but only one daughter was born. After the death of his wife, he married Juliane Beyschlag in February 1652, but died ten days after the marriage.
Salzer's pharmacy took over his brother Michael Salzer (1621–1685), who was originally a pharmacist in Kattenhochstatt , but was probably his assistant in Bretten even before the older brother's death. His son Hans Michael Salzer became a pharmacist in Pforzheim, the younger son Johann Ernst Salzer (1659–1744) continued the pharmacy in Bretten. Johann Ernst had to endure the destruction of the pharmacy in the Palatinate War of Succession in 1689 and then rebuilt the pharmacy on the market. From 1690 he was a member of the city council, was its mayor several times and also held other offices. He acquired land from the city of Bretten and expanded the pharmacy property. He also founded another pharmacy in Gochsheim , which his son Johann Michael Salzer ran and which was taken over by son-in-law Gottfried Neuffer after his early death in 1714.
Among the 13 children of Johann Ernst Salzer were two pharmacists and two doctors. The second youngest son Johannes Salzer (born 1707) continued the market pharmacy in Bretten. It is questionable whether he had a pharmacist's privilege. It is possible that he only ran the pharmacy as a tenant or in the name of his father, who died in 1744. He gave in to drinking and quickly ran the pharmacy down, so that in 1749 the Oberamt managed to lease the pharmacy for ten years to a trained pharmacist. The existing tenant Wilhelm Friedrich Baumann (1720–1785) brought the business back to life, received citizenship in 1752 and became head of the Lutheran community. After a long legal battle, owner Johannes Salzer was able to get his son Christoph Ludwig Salzer (1735-1810) employed as a pharmacist in 1759. At the same time, the Salzer family also tried to ensure that Baumann was not allowed to open his own pharmacy in Bretten after he left the company. In return, Baumann received offices in the political community and was last treasurer in 1767, Brettens.
Christoph Ludwig Salzer's marriage in 1761 remained childless, so that in 1768/69 he handed over the pharmacy to his brother Ernst Ludwig Salzer (1743–1780) and instead held municipal offices. He was initially a wood donor and followed Baumann after his death in 1785 in the office of treasurer. Pharmacist Ernst Ludwig Salzer died at the age of 37, but left behind a minor son, Ernst Christoph Salzer (1769–1813). The form in which the pharmacy was continued after Ernst Ludwig's death in 1780 before his son Ernst Christoph took over the pharmacy in 1797 is unknown. After Ernst Christoph died at the age of 44 and had also only left underage sons, the pharmacy was continued by the former provisional officer Carl August Kölreuter (1781–1840), who married Ernst Christoph's widow in 1815. In 1826 Kölreuter handed over the pharmacy to the Salzer son Ernst Christoph Carl Ludwig Salzer (1801-1859). Two of his brothers were also pharmacists and founded or took over pharmacies in Villingen and Staufen. In Bretten, Ernst Christoph Carl Ludwig Salzer, who died of a stroke in 1858, was followed by his son Ernst Christoph Carl Ludwig Salzer (1829-1894) as a pharmacist. After the death of his first wife in 1870, he moved to Karlsruhe and sold the pharmacy for 52,500 guilders to the Schwetzingen pharmacist Claus Heinrich Gerber (1831–1896).
Gerber came from an old North German family of pharmacists and initially ran the pharmacy in Hockenheim before moving to the city of Bretten when he bought the market pharmacy. Like many of his predecessors, he was a member of the local council. He extensively renovated the pharmacy and retired in 1891. His son Heinrich Gerber (1860–1913) died in 1913 at the age of only 53 and his son Friedrich Heinrich August died in 1914 as a war volunteer. The eldest daughter died in 1918 and the younger daughter married a doctor who was not interested in continuing the pharmacy, but opened a country doctor's practice in Hüffenhardt .
In 1919, the pharmacist Ludwig Michel (1880–1972), who came from Marktheidenfeld and took over the pharmacy as a tenant, was appointed to manage the market pharmacy. Michel would have liked to buy the pharmacy, but negotiations with the heirs of Gerber were unsuccessful. Michel therefore moved to Lörrach in 1938 and bought a pharmacy in Pforzheim in 1941. The Bretten market pharmacy was meanwhile leased from 1938 by Friedrich Wilhelm Reischmann (1896–1982). Reischmann was faced with major organizational challenges, especially in the course of the Second World War and thereafter up to the currency reform , because on the one hand there was a shortage of materials, on the other hand an ever-increasing area had to be supplied. After the bombing of Pforzheim in World War II, this town too had to be supplied with medicines from Bretten. In 1950, the pharmacy was given the name Markt-Apotheke to distinguish it from another pharmacy that has now opened in Bretten. Reischmann remained the tenant until 1952 and then moved to Heidelberg. He was followed in the market pharmacy by Alfred Ernst Otto Rayer (1911–1980), who opened his own pharmacy in 1957, which is now the third pharmacy in Bretten. After Rayer, Karl Werner Nagel took over the market pharmacy in 1957. Today the pharmacy is run by Gebhard W. Nagel.
Building
The pharmacy building essentially goes back to the reconstruction from the time after the Palatinate War of Succession, which, according to the preserved building files, took place in several stages. The upper floors of the pharmacy building are half-timbered . For a long time, the ground floor had the same window axes as the upper floors and only received shop windows in 1973. The plot of land purchased in 1714, the house garden at the Stadtgraben, originally belonged to the Altarpfründe of Our Lady in Weißhofen, on it was the remnant of a tower, the so-called Frauenturm, later also a pharmacy tower. The rear garden wall was also the city wall. The house garden essentially fell victim to the change in the street layout in the course of the old town renovation from 1968 to 1973.
literature
- Willy Bickel : The old pharmacy on the market in Bretten and its owners - A contribution to the medical family and economic history of Brettens . In: Brettener Jahrbuch 1983/84 , pp. 121–148.
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 2 ′ 13.5 ″ N , 8 ° 42 ′ 27.1 ″ E