Masematte

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The Masematte is a regional sociolect from the slums of Münster , which is one of the dialects of Rotwelschen . Masematte has been documented by sources since 1870 and has largely disappeared in its original special language function since the time of the Second World War due to the persecution and murder of the speakers and the destruction of the city quarters. Masematte is, however, still practiced in the context of maintaining local traditions and has also shaped the vocabulary of the local colloquial language.

Surname

In Rotwelschen, the special language of the traveling people that emerged from the late Middle Ages , the word Masematte with variants Massematte (n) , Masemotten , Massemaite has been attested since the 18th century. The oldest document from 1750 (as Femininum Massematte ) comes from the Sankt Georgen am See prison in the Principality of Brandenburg-Bayreuth . It goes back to Yiddish masso umatan ("trade, trading company", from Hebrew massa u'matan "negotiations") and in Rotwelschen also and primarily assumed the meaning of "theft, burglary" ( masematte-betook : violent break-in in which one the residents of the house “binds and rattles”; dainty masemats : burglary among sleeping residents; well-heeled masemats : theft without noise).

In the Münster Masematte, the word means "language" ( Masematte-free : speaker of this language, member of the speaker community), but even there it has retained the additional meanings "trade, peddling".

vocabulary

It is a layer-specific special vocabulary of around 500 words that was spoken by its speakers in connection with the local colloquial language. The vocabulary of the Masematte is a red word with a large proportion of Yiddish ( West Yiddish ) and, to a lesser extent, Romani (or Sintitikes ), but also uses Westphalian vocabulary and shows traces of Slavic and Romance influences as well as pseudo-Latin formations ( suffocation with -us ) possible influence of the student's language .

speaker

Masematte was mainly spoken by men and comparatively seldom by women and was mainly present in four urban areas in Münster: the Kuhviertel (including Taschen, Brink, Ribbergasse), the Sonnenstraßenviertel, Pluggendorf and “Klein-Muffi” ( Herz-Jesu-Viertel ). The residents belonged to the social lower class and were workers or unskilled workers, small tradesmen and traders, including many cattle and horse traders and representatives of outpatient trades, with a high proportion of Jews and Roma ( Sinti ). Masematte served the speakers as a shield against outsiders in trade and business as well as against the police and authorities, as well as a means of integration with one another and identification of one's own group or milieu affiliation.

time of the nationalsocialism

During the period of National Socialism spokesman for the Masematte were of the Nazi persecution against "because of their social or ethnic origin antisocial affected," Jews and Roma. A race hygiene study published in 1937, which examined an "asocial clan" from the Westphalian district of Meschede with representatives mainly of outpatient professions, also included families and test subjects from the typical Masematte quarters in Münster and came to the recommendation that the members of this "clan" should be sterilized because of hereditary inferiority and taken into "early preservation". A contemporary witness later recalled measures taken against residents of the Kuhviertel for the years 1941 to 1943, according to which "almost all the residents of the Taschen, Brink and Ribbergasse, entire families were shipped and transported to camps". As a result of the extensive bombing of Münster and its old town as part of the Allied air raids, essential external conditions for the survival of the language also disappeared with the loss of the traditional residential areas towards the end of the war.

Afterlife

The traditional masemat with its social ties is now largely extinct and is only represented by a few surviving contemporary witnesses. It has been replaced by a trained “secondary mat” (Siewert), which is cultivated across shifts in carnival and local journalism as well as in student and youth-speaking milieus. This has led to the emergence of written and literary texts in Masematte, which are not documented for the older period of the apparently purely oral Masematte culture. A large number of masemat words have also become common property of the local slang.

Examples

  • achilen : "eat" (rotw. Acheln "eat" <Yidd. achlen, alsoel to be "eat")
  • Alschke , also Alsche , Olsche : "Frau , Ehefrau , Alte" (from Westphalian a (o) lske "Alte", olle "Alte")
  • Malochen am Tokus : " Licking the ass" (with a Latin suffix -us formed from red. Toches "butt" < yidd . Tachas "the rear, lower", and red. Maloche "heavy work" < yidd . Meloche , maloche "work ")
  • Beis : "house", Burkbeis . "Labor Office" (rotw Bajis , Bajes , Bais . Etc. "House" <jidd bajis , bes "House"; to Burk see dt.. Castle , civil as numeral " two")
  • bekan "there, here, here", known : "Ok, in order" (cf. rotw. bekanum , bekane "here", from Yidd. kaan , bekaan "here")
  • beribeln : "pay" (cf. rotw. Reiber "bag, money sack " , Reiberfetzer "bag cutter", from Latin raupa "fur, skin")
  • beschucken : "pay", Schuck "Mark (money)": (from red. schucken "pay" < yidd . schuck "Mark, Geldstück")
  • enliven : "cheat" (rotw. besefeln "shit", sefeln "shit", Sefel "kot" < yidd . sewel "kot", cf. German colloquial soap "cheat")
  • bicken : "buy", bikinen : "sell" (rotw. biking "buy" <romani bikin - "sell")
  • Bölkenpani : "Rülpswasser" (= mineral water, from masem. Bölken "burp" <German bölken "roar, bark", and masem. Pani "water" <rotw. Pany "water" <romani pani "water")
  • Bose : "meat" (red. Bossor "meat" <Yidd. Bossor "meat")
  • jovel "good" (rotw. jofe "beautiful, pleasant, pretty" <jidd. jophe "beautiful")
  • Kabache : "House" ( northern German Kabache "low, bad house", cf. Rotw. Klabache "neglected house, shabby room", Klappache "room")
  • Keilof : "dog" (rotw. Kelef , Keilef , Keilov and others. "Dog" < yidd . Kelew "dog", plur. Kelowim "dogs")
  • Kippesfreier : “ Gehilfe ” (red. Kippe “community, booty, share” <Yidd. Kübbo “chamber, bedchamber, tent”; and red. Free “man, boy”, originally perhaps “farmer”, often the chosen victim, the Customer of the whore)
  • kneistern : "look" (rotw. kneissen "perceive, notice, know" < Bavarian enjoy "perceive")
  • Koten : "Little one, child", koten : "small" (redw. Kotem "child", koton , koten "small, young" <Yidd. Koton "small")
  • Kotenmoos : " Small change ", possibly a secondary mat
  • Laumalocher "lazy workers" Laumann : "idler, impostor." (Cf. rotw. Lau "no, no" <jidd. Lo , lau "no, no, no")
  • Leeze : "Fahrrad" (origin unclear, possibly from Velociped "Fahrrad")
  • Lichte : "Stress" (cf. red light "Police", lamp "Police" <yidd. Lamdon "Scholar, knowing")
  • Lowi : "money" (rotw. Lowo, Lowe, Lowi "money" <romani lóvo "money", plur. Lóve )
  • Lowine : "beer" (rotw. Lovina , Lowine , Luwina "beer" <romani lowina "beer")
  • Matrele : "potato" (rotw. Matrellen "potatoes", Matreli "potato" <romani matreli "potato")
  • Newes : "belly" (red. Nefesh "soul, life", Nevisch "soul, belly", from Yiddish nephesh "soul, life")
  • Osnick : "clock, wrist watch" (rotw. Osne , Ossene , Ossnik "clock") actually "sun, sun position" from it the information about what time it is. "What is the Osnick regretting?" = what does the position of the sun show?
  • Patte : "Purse" (cf. redw. Patter "Leather" or Positi, Patist, Potissa "Bag" <romani potisa "Bag")
  • pien : "consume alcohol"
  • Plempe : "Saber, sword, knife", questionable "Police" (cf. rotw. Plempe "Saber")
  • Plinte : "Pants" (see red. Plinte "Lumpen")
  • plümpsen : "swim" (cf. rotw. plomp "water", plümpsen "cry, wash, bathe")
  • Primangelo : "cigarette, cigar" (red. Bimangeri "cigarette" <romani pimaskeri "cigar")
  • Ski Shrouded Man (rotw. "Drunkard": ski thickeners "drink" <jidd. Schikkern "get drunk" schikkor , Schikker "drunk")
  • cuddle "tell" (. rotw Schmus "narrative, Chat, babbling," schmus (s) s "tell", Yiddish. schmuo "Heard, story, rumor")
  • schofel , schovel : "bad, lousy, low, bad, low" (rotw. schofel "inferior, mean, bad, worthless" <jidd. schophol , schophel "low, low, bad")
  • Seeger : “man, guy” (red. Seeger disparagingly “young man”, Seege “young girl”), origin uncertain, possibly from yidd. se goi "Gentile", cf. also Old English secg "man", "warrior" ( secg )
  • Tiftel : "Church" (rotw. Tiffle "Church" <Yidd. Tephillo "Prayer")

literature

  • Klaus Siewert: From achilen to Zulemann. The large dictionary of the Münster mask mat. Self-published, Münster 2003, ISBN 3-00-011460-2 .
  • Klaus Siewert: Basics and methods of special language research. With a dictionary of the Masematte from speaker surveys and the written sources. (= Special language research. 8). Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 3-447-04770-4 .
  • Klaus Siewert (Ed.): Text book Masematte. Volume I-IV. Waxmann, Münster / New York 1990–1998, ISBN 3-89325-067-0 , ISBN 3-89325-114-6 , ISBN 3-89325-284-3 , ISBN 3-89325-600-8 .
  • Klaus Siewert (Ed.): Olf, bes, kimmel, dollar, hei…. Short dictionary of the Munster Masematte. In cooperation with the last old speakers and the members of the Masematte project group. Waxmann, Münster / New York 1993, ISBN 3-89325-159-6 .
  • Klaus Siewert: Masematte. On the situation of a regional special language. In: Journal of Dialectology and Linguistics. 58, 1991, pp. 44-56.
  • Margret Strunge, Karl Kassenbrock: Masematte. Life and the language in Münster's forgotten neighborhoods. Self-published, Münster 1980.
  • Siegmund A. Wolf: Dictionary des Rotwelschen: German crooks language . Bibliographisches Institut, Mannheim 1956. (2nd reviewed edition. 1985)
  • Wolfgang Schemann: Münster - Leezen, Lowi and Lowinen: Stories for those who do not have masemats . Aschendorff Verlag, Münster 2016, ISBN 978-3-402-13155-8 .
  • Wolfgang Schemann: Münster - as it babbles, cuddles and rakawelt: A phrase book for those who do not use masemats . Aschendorff Verlag, Münster 2017, ISBN 978-3-402-13226-5 .
  • Wolfgang Schemann: Münster - even harder than jovel: a city guide for those who don't like masemats . Aschendorff Verlag, Münster 2018, ISBN 978-3-402-13076-6 .

Movie

In Doktorspiele , the 27th episode of the 2009 television series Wilsberg , several people speak Masematte in several scenes, these scenes always being underlaid with high German subtitles .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfgang Schemann: One of the last Masematte speakers. In: Westfälische Nachrichten. April 9, 2010.
  2. ↑ Andrew Rocco Merlino D'Arcangelis: The persecution of the socio-linguistic group of the Yeniche (also known as the German land drivers) in the Nazi state 1934-1944 . Dissertation . Hamburg University for Economics and Politics, 2004, p. 357 ff. ( PDF version ); u. a. after M. Strunge, K. Kassenbrock: Masematte. 1980, p. 14 ff.
  3. ^ D'Arcangelis: The persecution of the socio-linguistic group of the Yeniche. 2004, p. 361, after M. Strunge, K. Kassenbrock: Masematte. 1980, p. 26, p. 144.
  4. ↑ Etymological information according to Wolf: Dictionary des Rotwelschen. 2nd Edition. 1985.
  5. ^ Kino.de: film review - Wilsberg: Doktorspiele
  6. ↑ TV feature film : Film review - Wilsberg: Doktorspiele
  7. ^ Kurt Sagatz: ZDF-Krimi: Tödliche Doktorspiele. In: Tagesspiegel . April 25, 2009.

Web links

Wiktionary: Masematte  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations