Matheus of Salerno
Matheus von Salerno (* in Salerno ; † July 21, 1193 in Palermo ), often incorrectly called by Aiello , was a leading functionary of the Norman royal court in Sicily under Wilhelm I , Wilhelm II and Tankred , who rose from notary to chancellor . The spelling of the name chosen here follows the autograph evidence.
family
He came from a family in the Salerno area who probably belonged to the urban ruling class. His mother Marocta died in 1173, his father Nicolaus on August 6, the year is not known. His brother Constantine was Abbot of SS. Trinità di Venosa , his brother Johannes Bishop of Catania († 1168 in an earthquake), his brother Roger magister iudex in Sorrento .
The first woman, Sica, died before 1171, the second, Iudicta, on June 25, 1180. In the polemic of Petrus von Eboli directed against Tankred and his followers , he is referred to as a bigamus (bigamist) .
His son Nikolaus was Archbishop of Salerno from 1182 to 1221. His son Richard can be traced back to King Tankred as military leader and deputy to his father.
Career
It is uncertain whether Matheus completed training at a school affiliated with the farm. As the Beneventan elements in his handwriting reveal, he learned to write in his homeland. As a notary he can be proven in the royal chancellery from 1154 to 1160, there are no suitable documents for the following years. King Wilhelm's document on the Treaty of Benevento with Hadrian IV originates from his pen. In 1166 he appeared as magister notarius and thus already in a leading position, which corresponded to that of the vice-chancellor. As Vice Chancellor ( vicecancellarius ) he has been occupied since December 1169. He held this office for two decades.
As a close associate of Admiral Maio , he was involved in his fall and imprisoned. Since the chancellery's files were in disarray during the riots, he was dismissed because, based on his experience, he was the only one who was able to reorganize the material and add anything missing. In his will, Wilhelm I designated the elect of Syracuse, Richard Palmer , and Matheus as counselor for the guardianship government, which was to be under the direction of Queen Margaret.
The queen widow soon tried to get rid of the family members of her deceased husband and brought a relative, Stephan von Perche , into the country, whom she appointed as chancellor and whose election as archbishop of Palermo she promoted. Stephan encountered resistance from the "national" groups, whose leaders included Richard and Matheus, Bishop Gentilis of Agrigento .
The leadership of the family was secured by Wilhelm II's tutor, Walter von Palermo , who was ordained Archbishop of Palermo in September 1169. Walter and Matheus were the constants in the family college, which is documented in the dates of the diplomas in changing personnel composition. The tension between the two protagonists can rarely be seen as clearly as in the case of the founding of Monreale , in which Matheus emphatically supported the king against the resistance of the archbishop. While Walter was pushing the marriage project for Konstanze , Matheus was one of the skeptical opponents.
After the death of Wilhelm II, Matheus promoted the elevation of Tankred of Lecce to king. In recognition of this, he received the title of Chancellor ( cancellarius ) in 1191 .
Foundations
- for the Cathedral of San Matteo in Salerno
- Santa Maria de Latinis or del Cancelliere in Palermo (founding of a nunnery)
- Donations to San Salvatore di Messina (prayer fraternity)
- S. Trinità ( La Magione ) - Cistercian monastery, around 1191 (foundation)
To furnish his foundations, he used casalia that had been awarded to him by Kings Wilhelm I or Wilhelm II. Therefore, the royal approval for the transfer was necessary. In addition to the Latin rite, he also promoted the Greek rite: Santa Maria de Latinis was obliged to maintain a Greek priest in a chapel belonging to the monastery. The memoria secure the family was a main motive for promoting the Cathedral of Salerno and the nunnery in Palermo.
Remarks
- ^ Carlo Alberto Garufi : Necrologio del Liber Confratrum di S. Matteo di Salerno (= Fonti per la storia d'Italia 56). Rome 1922, p. 100
- ↑ Detailed evidence from Kamp
- ^ Horst Enzensberger, Guillelmi I regis diplomata. Cologne u. a. 1996 [Codex diplomaticus Regni Siciliae. Series prima, tomus III], pp. 32-36 D. 12 ISBN 3-412-00689-0
literature
- Horst Enzensberger , contributions to the chancellery and document system of the Norman rulers of Lower Italy and Sicily (= Munich historical studies. Volume 9). Lassleben, Kallmünz 1971, ISBN 3-7847-4409-5 , pp. 54–57 (partly also: Munich, university, dissertation).
- Horst Enzensberger: Matheus (from Aiello) . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 6, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1993, ISBN 3-7608-8906-9 , Sp. 390.
- Norbert Kamp , Church and Monarchy in the Staufer Kingdom of Sicily. I: Prosopographical foundation: dioceses and bishops of the kingdom 1194–1266. Part IV [Münstersche Mittelalter-Schriften, 10.I, 1], Munich 1973, pp. 426-428. In the section about his son, Archbishop Nicholas of Salerno
- Francesco Panarelli: MATTEO d'Aiello (D'Aiello; Matteo da Salerno, Matteo notaio). In: Mario Caravale (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 72: Massimino-Mechetti. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2009.
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Matheus of Salerno |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Matheus of Aiello |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Familiar of King William II of Sicily |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 11th century or 12th century |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Salerno |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 21, 1193 |
| Place of death | Palermo |