Matthew Lipman

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Matthew Lipman

Matthew Lipman (born August 24, 1923 in Vineland , † December 26, 2010 in West Orange ) was an American university professor of logic and the founder of a philosophy for children .

Life

Lipman was a professor at the University of Columbia and had found underdeveloped reasoning skills in his students while teaching . His main goal was to improve reasoning skills by teaching logic .

The view that children have the ability to think abstractly from an early age led him to believe that teaching logic while raising children would help improve reasoning skills. In 1972, he left the University of Columbia to establish the Institute for Teaching Philosophy to Children (IAPC) at Montclair State College , where he began teaching philosophy in K-12 classrooms in Montclair to teach.

A primary goal in teaching philosophy is to encourage critical thinking. Lipman defined this as "thinking that makes judgment easier because it is criteria-based, self-correcting, and contextual." He urged educators to create a community of inquiry for this purpose. According to Lipman, children do not develop their own philosophy, but interpret the texts of adults. Thus, “Children's Philosophy” does not produce any ideas, but rather interprets existing ideas, analogous to an orchestra that does not compose a piece of music, but reproduces it.

Lipman's works are in the footsteps of the American philosopher, educator and psychologist John Dewey (1859–1952). One of Lipman's methods is to read an excerpt from a philosophical work that the children ask questions about. The head of the discussion group previously gave understanding and argumentation aids. Then one of the questions asked is selected, which should now be answered in a joint conversation. Every child is free to express his or her opinion and is required to tolerate this on the part of the other children as well, whereby logical argumentation and counter-argument play an important role.

Works

  • with Ann M. Sharp and Frederick S. Oscanyan: Philosophy in the classroom. West Caldwell, NJ 1977, ISBN 0-916834-04-2 .
  • Harry Stottelmeier's Discovery. Inst. For the Advancement of Philosophy for Children, Upper Montclair, NJ 1971, ISBN 0-916834-06-9 .
    • German: Harry Stottelmeier's discovery. translated by Ursula Scheer, edited and edited by Daniela G. Camhy. Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, Vienna 1990, ISBN 3-209-01039-0 .
    • Manual for this: Matthew Lipman, Ann M Sharp, Frederick S. Oscanyan: Harry Stottelmeier's discovery. Handbook, translated by Ursula Scheer, edited and edited by Daniela G. Camhy. Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, Vienna 1990, ISBN 3-209-01040-4 .
  • Thinking in Education. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press, New York 2003, ISBN 0-521-81282-8 .
  • On the philosophical style of children, 8. In: Journal for Didactics of Philosophy. 6, 1984, pp. 3-1.
  • with Theresa L. Smith and Pixie

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Matthew Lipman: On the Philosophical Style of Children. In: Journal for Didactics of Philosophy. 6, 1, 1984, pp. 7-8.
  2. ^ Elisabeth Loison Apter: Homage to Matthew Lipman, le père des enfants philosophes. In: Le Temps. (Lausanne), February 14, 2011.
personal data
SURNAME Lipman, Matthew
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American university professor
DATE OF BIRTH August 24, 1923
PLACE OF BIRTH Vineland , New Jersey
DATE OF DEATH December 26, 2010
Place of death West Orange , New Jersey