Megalithic complexes of Bruges
The destroyed megalithic structures in Bruges , near Bruges in Schleswig-Holstein , were examined by D. Stoltenberg in 1975 because of the expansion of a gravel pit. These are megalithic systems of the Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture (TBK) that existed between 3500-2800 BC. BC originated. Neolithic monuments are an expression of the culture and ideology of Neolithic societies. Their origin and function are considered to be the hallmarks of social development.
Rectangular dolmen
On a north-east-south-west facing hill there was a barren bed about 24.0 m long and 7.0–7.5 m wide. The scuff marks of the curb were visible under the top floor. The chamber was inclined to the longitudinal axis.
The north-west-south-east oriented chamber of the rectangular spar was about 1.9 m long and 1.2 m wide inside. The access side could not be determined. On the south-western side there were three, on the north-eastern long side two, and on the narrow sides one shoulder lane for the bearing stones. The scuff marks in the corners of the chamber were smaller and less deepened. Stones were found in this area, which presumably come from foundations with which the corner girders were adjusted in height. In order to obtain a horizontal grave bottom, the slope inclination was leveled, so the long sides were sunk 0.17 m and 0.30 m respectively. The pavement consisted of carefully laid pebbles and a few stone slabs, under a 4-5 cm thick pile of burnt flint containing pieces of charcoal. The bottom of the grave beneath the plaster was very red, but the plaster showed no traces of exposure to heat. On the outside of the shoulder lanes, an adobe wall up to 0.6 m wide ran around the chamber, which was interspersed with flint gravel in the southeast. To the southwest, in front of the clay packing, lay some pebbles. Presumably the mound had a pebble coat.
The interior was disturbed. In a secondary position in the chamber, nine undecorated shards, a flint blade, two cross-edged arrowheads and 29 tees were recovered. 21 indeterminable flint artifacts were found in the excavated topsoil. To the east of the megalithic complex there were some bronze fragments in the sub-floor.
Passage grave
The destroyed passage grave of the Holstein chamber type with the trapezoidal chamber lay under a bend on a flat terrain wave in the Eidertal . The oval west-east oriented hill was about 14 m in diameter and 0.4 m high. Traces of a curb circle were observed on the eastern side. The remains of the chamber lay in the southern part of the hill.
The west-east oriented chamber, wider in the west, had internal dimensions of 3.8 × 1.4–2.1 m. The corridor was three feet long. Ten footprints of the bearing stones of the chamber were preserved, four each on the long sides and two on the eastern narrow side. The access to the chamber was in the middle between the shoulder lanes on the south side. A threshold stone stood in situ in the access gap, in front of which a layer of clay about 0.2 m thick had been applied. In front of the threshold the right-angled corridor opened, of which two bearing stone footprints were preserved on each side. In some gaps between the footprints of the chamber and the corridor, remains of the intermediate masonry made of layered stone slabs were preserved.
The floor of the chamber was roughly level with the ground. It had a covering about three centimeters thick, mostly fine, burnt pieces of flint, which covered a pavement in the eastern part of the chamber. How big the paved area was originally could not be clarified, as the interior in the eastern part of the chamber was disturbed up to the bottom. Remains of the casing of the chamber were still preserved. There was fine to coarse fired flint in front of the shoulder tracks and coarse, unfired flint gravel on the southeast corner.
Probably a rectangular pole
The topsoil was removed at the beginning of the excavation. There were still four 0.1 and 0.2 m deep footprints that were filled with humus soil, burnt flint and split pieces. According to an old report, the chamber is said to have had three bearing stones on the long sides and one end stone each on the narrow sides. Two discolorations were observed to the northwest of the chamber, which could have been caused by a broken curb.
The discoloration found was not clearly recognizable as scuff marks. The findings suggest that it was a north-west-south-east oriented dolmen with a clay coating on the outside. Radicals of the jacket were found in the interference zones where three shards, flint two reductions and an amber beads remainder found.
Destroyed megalithic complex
An irregularly rectangular (approx. 5.0 × 3.8 m) discoloration at the level of the soil marked the location of the completely destroyed large stone grave . The discoloration contained a lot of pebbles, burned flint and some lumps of clay. In the disturbed area and its surroundings, decorated and undecorated shards of vessels and numerous artefacts made of flint were found.
To the west and northeast of the area, several settlement and post pits from the Bronze and early pre-Roman Iron Ages, as well as two fireplaces were uncovered.
Finds
On the flint fill of the chamber floor was a 10 cm thick layer of yellow sand that contained hardly any humus and little flint. In and on the sand layer as well as in the undisturbed and disturbed area of the chamber, numerous amber beads , flint tools and broken earthenware were found. Further finds were recovered outside the chamber, in the area south of the Ganges (partly in a disturbed location) and at various points on the hill base. To the north-west of the hill, at the level of the surrounding soil, there were three flint sites of the individual grave culture (EGK).
See also
literature
- Jutta Roß: Megalithic graves in Schleswig-Holstein. Investigations into the structure of the tombs based on recent excavation findings . Kovač, Hamburg 1992, ISBN 3-86064-046-1 , (also: Hamburg, Univ., Master's thesis, 1987).
Individual evidence
- ↑ J. Müller In: Varia neolithica VI 2009 p. 15