Intermediate masonry
Intermediate masonry (also gusset filling, Danish tørmur - Norwegian tørrmur - Swedish kallmur ) is used to close the gaps and connect the megalithic parts of megalithic systems of the Funnel Beaker Culture (TBK) and some other cultures in Europe.
It was created with great care in the edging of megalithic beds , in chambers and passages (near large dolmen and passage graves ). In the chambers and corridors it originally reached from the floor to the cap stones. Of drywall should only speak when the layers were listed dry as it rarely, but such. B. in Dolmen 1 of Gnewitz could be detected.
Starting position
The boulders selected as the supporting stones for the ceiling of the corridor and the chamber were set up in such a way that the smooth side was directed towards the inside, with the hill borders towards the outside. In some cases, mechanically leveled inner surfaces could be observed. Although cuboid, regularly shaped boulders were used wherever possible and these were initially placed or placed close to each other (in the case of Urdolmen and rectangular dolmen ), gaps remained between the boulders in larger (possibly later built) structures, some of which, probably due to a lack of large blocks , also deliberately made very broad.
description
These gaps were filled with stone material from the inside or outside (e.g. Gillhög and Hög No. 7 in Skåne ). In the case of supporting stones set up at greater intervals, intermediate masonry even served as supports for the cap stones. There are a large number of sites where the intermediate masonry was forcibly destroyed. In the chambers of the Großdolmen in Gaarzerhof and in Dummertevitz , where the slabs of the intermediate masonry were found scattered in the filling floor, this had already happened during the Neolithic . Only in a few systems were the intermediate masonry completely or largely intact. In some systems, stele-like pillars were built in the lower area of the intermediate masonry, which also fill in the larger gap. Particularly wide gaps were also divided by the installation of vertical red sandstone slabs, which had been embedded in the subsoil, which gave the slab layering a better hold. Intermediate masonry is not always layered horizontally, but rather vertically in the systems at Ratekau and vertically and diagonally between the supporting stones in Keitum on Sylt .
In British-Irish systems, the exedra were sometimes built from arched panels with intermediate masonry.
A British travel guide author (* 1960) describes this as the "post and panel technique" (post and panel technique).
material
The material used has been prepared or split stone slabs, smaller stones, pebbles and , more rarely, flint gravel (not always sorted according to type) . In general Rotsandsteinplatten were (rarely gneiss , granite , limestone , quartzite or shale ) of 10 to 15 cm thickness filled in the gaps, the joints between the bricks were often with clay or clay elapsed, or the stones were embedded in clay, which, like Mortar served as a sealant and binder.
See also
literature
- Ekkehard Aner: The large stone graves of Schleswig-Holstein In: Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments 9 1968 pp. 46–69
- Volker Arnold: Brief gravesite of prehistory, part 1, large stone graves from the peasant days . In: Blätter zur Heimatkunde 1 supplement to the magazine "Ditmarschen" 1977
- Jutta Ross: Megalithic graves in Schleswig-Holstein . Hamburg 1992 ISBN 3-86064-046-1
- Ewald Schuldt : The Mecklenburg megalithic graves . German Science Publishing House, Berlin 1972.
- Märta Strömberg : The megalithic tombs of Hagestad . On the problem of grave structures and grave rites. Acta Archaeologica Lundensia Volume 8. Bonn and Lund 1971.
- Timothy C. Darvill : Megalithic chambered tombs of the Cotswold-Severn Region. An assessment of certain architectural elements and their relation to ritual practice and Neolithic society (= Vorda research series . Volume 5 ). Vorda, Highworth 1982, ISBN 0-907246-04-4 (English).
- Jürgen E. Walkowitz: The megalithic syndrome. European cult sites of the Stone Age (= contributions to the prehistory and early history of Central Europe. Vol. 36). Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach 2003, ISBN 3-930036-70-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ According to J. Roß 1992 p. 99: the dolmen Nebel-Ost has a relatively well-preserved, very even and complex, niche-like recessed drywall made of carefully layered, thin, artificially split stone slabs. The joints were covered with clay and clay. In Lancken-Granitz 4 and Burtevitz 3 it was found that the 0.15 to 0.20 m thick walls inside the chamber had even been plastered. The plaster was 0.02 to 0.04 m thick and applied evenly. The gusset packings partly rested on foundations made of larger boulders that were sunk into standing pits.
- ↑ z. B. in Carlshögen between the bearing stones 7 and 8 according to Märta Strömberg : The megalithic tombs of Hagestad p. 23
- ^ Carl Rogers: Mountain and Hill Walking in Snowdonia 2008: "The remains consist of a triple chamber faced with drystone walling as well as large upright stones using a 'post and panel'