Multi-generation house

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The unprotected term multi -generation house (also spelled multi-generation house ) describes a house or building that is used across generations as a living space or open meeting place. Depending on the design, the term refers to:

  • a cross-generational house or flat-sharing community , often also called multi- generation house , multi-generation living , which was chosen as a long-term way of life for the voluntary coexistence of several independent and different ages in a very large apartment or house. These are usually at least two separate residential units. General rooms such as the bathroom, sauna, communal kitchen, hobby rooms, studio, guest room, possibly living room and garden areas are used jointly according to agreed rules. The term is not used consistently. It can be a pure residential or purpose-built community, up to a form of coexistence of unrelated people who work together in order to secure the individual and common livelihood.
  • Open meeting places where members of different generations meet, exchange ideas and support one another. Since 2003, the term in Germany has also been used to describe an open day meeting point with a family-oriented range of activities and services, primarily based on self-help or voluntary work ; In this sense, multigenerational houses often combine the services of district, mothers' or family centers , meeting places, day care centers and senior meeting places in cross-generational offers.

Both meanings have in common that they are based on the desire to revitalize the togetherness and mutual support of young and old. The term used in this way stands consciously against forms of generational conflict . Coexistence in large families , in which everyday life is mastered by several generations together, is often cited as a point of reference in this context .

There are also mixed forms in which, for example, offers for families (such as a daycare center) are also accommodated in a service housing complex of a social institution.

Multi-generation house as common living

The multi- generation house is based on the local needs of people who plan specifically together and is usually open to involving other people. The core of the crystallization can be an existing shared apartment, a shared religious or philanthropic conviction or the demarcation from men or women. The generations mutually offer themselves services such as housekeeping, childcare and care for the elderly. The degree of commitment of the service can be freely agreed. Many advice centers support the establishment and implementation of residential projects . As an architectural model, the multi-generation house has already been implemented several times in Berlin and Switzerland. For the most part, interested parties only get to know each other in the planning phase and make precise arrangements with each other and with the mediating architect. Property developers can be commercial providers or private owner-occupiers . Due to the closed housing units for each family or individual involved, there can be no talk of a ( senior ) residential community .

The physical care of the elderly or the complete upbringing of children (1 to 5 years of age) is usually not part of the agreements. However, many participants hope that through their commitment they will be able to significantly postpone the need for professional elderly care or pedagogy and possibly even avoid it. The background to this is the high proportion of voluntary care for the elderly in the two-generation families who now often live together in one house (but with two separate households). This proportion is seen as an indication of the feasibility. This is where the model also differs from assisted living , which aims to provide round-the-clock care for the elderly. The same applies to the many largely privately operated day nurseries .

Compared to other families, single parents show a greater interest in housing projects, but they find it comparatively more difficult to finance them.

Multi-generation house as a day meeting point

The action program for multi-generation houses in the Federal Republic of Germany

View of the multi-generation house " House of the Future " in the Lüssum-Bockhorn district of Bremen . The architecture of the building was awarded the BDA award Bremen 1998 Award
Gate of the multigenerational house "Wortmanns Hoff" from 1817 - since 2005 multigenerational house in Waffensen (district of Rotenburg / Wümme)
View of the multi-generation house in Waffensen (district of Rotenburg / Wümme) - the playground belongs to the kindergarten in the back left. In the new building (middle) there is a gymnastics and gymnastics room above. The assembly hall is located in the old building (back).

The action program for multi-generation houses originated in Lower Saxony. There, Ursula von der Leyen, as Lower Saxony's family minister , initiated the promotion of multi-generation houses in the sense of open neighborhood meeting points. In such houses, family-oriented activities and services for young and old should be offered, especially on a voluntary basis. In addition, they should promote the coexistence of generations and help people to help themselves. Such a house can be sponsored by the municipality , a parish or a free sponsor such as an association or a social association.

After Ursula von der Leyen's move to the office of Federal Minister for Family Affairs , she initiated the multi-generation houses action program at the federal level. The first tendering phase of the multi-generation houses action program was completed in autumn 2006. In this first phase, 200 houses were selected, which by spring 2007 began their work in the action program for multi-generation houses. The second application phase started on April 16, 2007; the respective institution was granted grants of 40,000 euros per year and institution for a period of five years. After the end of the second phase, there were 500 multigenerational houses nationwide at the beginning of 2008.

Objectives of the action program

The aim of the action program for multi-generation houses is to create and promote open day meeting places everywhere in Germany, where the generations meet and support one another in everyday situations. They are intended to promote the exchange between generations, ensure that everyday and social skills are passed on between young and old and thus also open up the opportunities and potentials of demographic change for society. Prerequisites for becoming a multi-generation house in the federal action program are childcare facilities and an open café. Another important distinguishing feature of the federal program compared to similar regional campaigns is the strong focus on family-related services. These services can range from shopping services for the elderly to food offers and cleaning aids to the placement of care offers. Another focus of the federal program is the promotion of voluntary work (honorary office) - on an equal footing with professionals. Multi-generation houses are therefore not just places to meet, but also offer people in the region inexpensive services for everyday support.

In this way, a multigenerational house, similar to a family center, should create and bundle offers related to the family and social space. In this way, offers should become more transparent and more closely related to one another and at the same time spare people who inquire about it.

Effects and sustainability of the action program

The effects of the action program for multi-generation houses were examined by an independent evaluation company. Most of them were judged positively. The generational encounters that have increased since the beginning of the action program are emphasized, which are expressed in increasing values ​​of the generation index from an average of 0.62 (2007) to 0.67 (2011). In three quarters of the offers in multi-generation houses there is an encounter between young and old. Effects were particularly achieved when the multigenerational houses managed to develop into a social point of contact, as this facilitates direct access to people of different generations, volunteers, caring relatives and those interested in childcare and household-related services.

Further effects were identified in the following areas:

The sustainability of the action program for multi-generation houses was judged cautiously by impact research. The sustainability of the program innovations and the activities supported by the program were examined. An analysis of the individual effects at the user level was not carried out. The impact research found that the activities of the multigenerational houses funded in the action program are difficult to continue without funding: the impact research assumes that the program activities will continue in only about half of the 20 multigenerational houses examined in depth. Rather, the sustainability of the action program is expressed in the organizational structures created within the facilities and in the local environment. Success factors for organizational sustainability are the cooperation with the municipality and their involvement in steering committees of the multi-generation houses as well as the joint implementation of activities with cooperation partners. The sustainability analysis criticized the fact that only the sustainability potential could be examined, but not the actual sustainability.

Financial support

In Lower Saxony, the state contributes to the financing for each multi-generation house with around 40,000 euros per year for a period of 5 years. The investment and operating costs of the multi-generation houses are taken over by the municipalities or the sponsors. In the multi-generation houses action program, 40,000 euros per year are available from both federal funds and the European Social Fund (ESF) for a period of 5 years. After this funding phase, the individual houses should be able to finance themselves through services or sponsors (cooperation with business).

There are many different models for multi-generational homes, including in Germany , Austria and Switzerland .

Mixed forms

There are also mixed forms in which a social institution provides residential and service offers for several generations. For example, the AWO offers sheltered living for the elderly in a service housing complex in Altenburg and places in a day-care center, with joint projects between the elderly and the children being planned.

See also
Concrete forms
Differentiation between multi-generation house and sociological terms

As a technical term, the multi-generation house does not initially refer to a family , but a family relationship is not excluded.

literature

  • Astrid Barsuhn: Multi-generation houses. Planning and building: living under one roof. 2006, Blottner, 128 pages, ISBN 3-89367-641-4
  • Bertelsmann Stiftung / Kuratorium Deutsche Altershilfe (Ed.): Living and Housing in Old Age, Volume 6: Outpatient assisted living groups - working aid for initiators. Gütersloh / Cologne 2006, 100 pages, ISBN 3-935299-88-5
  • Heike Binne, Jörn Dummann, Annemarie Gerzer-Sass, Andreas Lange, Irmgard Teske: "Handbook of Intergenerational Working: Perspectives on the Multi-Generation Houses Action Program", anthology published by Barbara Budrich, Opladen 2014
  • Federal Ministry for Health and Social Security (BMGS) (Hrsg.): Operating concepts of house communities. An exchange of experiences. BMGS model projects series (Volume 15). Board of Trustees for German Old Age Aid, Cologne 2004.
  • Dörte Fuchs, Jutta Orth: Moving into a new life. Housing alternatives for the second half of life. 2003, 271 pages, Verlag Kösel, ISBN 3-466-30625-6
  • Gabriele Gerngroß-Haas: Live differently than usual. When different women move under one roof. 2005, Verlag Helmer, 159 pages, ISBN 3-89741-169-5
  • Bettina Rühm: Carefree living in old age. New ways of life and architectural concepts. 2003, DVA, ISBN 3-421-03434-6
  • Henning Scherf : Old age comes my way - life concepts today for tomorrow . (together with Ilse Biberti ) Südwest-Verlag, 2009, ISBN 3-517-08527-8
    • All under one roof . In verdi-public. Issue 10/2010-Generations pp. 1–2 ( also online. There, articles on barrier-free living, technical aids, Bad Kreuznach cooperative)
  • Michael Andritzky, Thomas Hauer: New living for old age. What's up and how to do it . BauWohnberatung Karlsruhe, Schader-Stiftung Darmstadt, 2004, Anabas-Verlag, 216 pages, ISBN 3-87038-363-1
  • Ines Findig: Generational Projects. Places of intergenerational engagement: potentials, problems and limits. 2017, Budrich UniPress, ISBN 978-3-863887-44-5 .
  • DIE ZEIT 48/2008: In the public living room

Web links

Commons : Multi-Generation Houses  - Collection of Images

To the form of living

To the meeting point function

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Germany's first "multi-generation house" in Gervershagen / Marienheide, built in 1993, wanted to be a home for everyone involved. ( Memento from October 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ Michael Brüggemann: Family Building Kit - Multi-Generation House in Darmstadt . In: Deutsche BauZeitschrift (DBZ) 54: 8, 2006, also online .
  3. ^ A multi-generation house as a successful model (WDR, September 6, 2009). Archived from the original on May 23, 2010 ; Retrieved October 11, 2009 .
  4. ↑ Multi-generation houses are actively expanding the number of their cooperation partners. (No longer available online.) BMFSFJ, formerly in the original ; Retrieved August 8, 2013 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.mehrgenerationenhaeuser.de  
  5. ↑ Karin Juczyk: How does a municipality become family-friendly? Needs and starting points , pp. 327–342. In: Demographic Change. The city, the women and the future. (PDF; 2.8 MB) (No longer available online.) Ministry for Generations, Family, Women and Integration of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, archived from the original on February 28, 2013 ; Retrieved October 11, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.social-science.hu-berlin.de
  6. ↑ Emminghaus, Christoph; Staats, Melanie; Gess, Christopher: Local Infrastructure for All Generations: Results from the Action Program Multi-Generation Houses, W. Bertelsmann Verlag (2012)
  7. ↑ a b Lisa Haug. Reviewed October 5, 2012 on: Christoph Emminghaus, Melanie Staats, Christopher Gess (Eds.): Local infrastructure for all generations. W. Bertelsmann Verlag GmbH & Co. KG (Bielefeld) 2012. 190 pages. ISBN 978-3-7639-4955-7 . In: socialnet reviews, ISSN  2190-9245 , http://www.socialnet.de/rezensions/13525.php , date of access May 30, 2015.
  8. ↑ Gess, Christopher: Program core and sustainability of the multi-generation houses action program from the perspective of impact research, in: Heike Binne, Jörn Dummann, Annemarie Gerzer-Sass, Andreas Lange, Irmgard Teske (ed.), Handbook Intergenerational Working: Perspectives on the multi-generation houses action program, Barbara Budrich Verlag (2014), pp. 259-270
  9. ↑ Gess, Christopher; Jablonski, Nina: Introduction to Sustainability Analysis, in: Christoph Emminghaus, Melanie Staats, Christopher Gess (Eds.), Local Infrastructure for All Generations: Results from the Multi-Generation Houses Action Program, W. Bertelsmann Verlag (2012), pp. 145–150
  10. ↑ Opening of the “House of Generations”. (No longer available online.) AWO, November 2, 2016, archived from the original on October 3, 2017 ; accessed on October 3, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.awothueringen.de
  11. ^ Christian Neffe: A home for young and old: AWO opens “House of Generations” in Altenburg. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung. November 4, 2016. Retrieved October 3, 2017 .