Merab Mamardashvili

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Merab Mamardashvili ( Georgian მერაბ მამარდაშვილი, Russian Мераб Константинович Мамардашвили ( Merab Konstantinowitsch Mamardaschwili ); born September 15, 1930 in Gori ; † November 25, 1990 in Moscow ) was a Georgian philosopher . He was a representative of rationalism . With recourse to the Kantian concept of freedom, he criticized the social order of the Soviet Union .

Life

Mamardashvili grew up in Georgia until 1949. He studied philosophy in Moscow . In 1968 he received his doctorate and was co-editor of the scientific journal Woprossi Filosofij (German Philosophical Questions ). In 1972 he received a professorship in philosophy at Moscow State University .

In 1980 he returned to Georgia. From 1987 to 1990 he headed the Department of Philosophy of Science of the Sawle Tsereteli Institute for Philosophy of the Georgian Academy of Sciences .

One focus of his scientific work was the field of epistemology . He also tried to make the Kantian concept of freedom fruitful for the social analysis of the Soviet Union. In the 1970s he gave lectures in Moscow on Plato , Descartes and Kant, in which he accused the Russians with enlightening claims that they identified their people with state power and accepted their lives passively. It criticized collectivism and the lack of an everyday culture characterized by individuality as the greatest obstacle to the development of personal freedom in the USSR. For young philosophers such as Mikhail Ryklin and Giwi Margwelaschwili , he himself became a symbol of intellectual independence.

In times of perestroika , Gorbachev mentioned his wife Raissa's fellow students positively. He has been able to travel freely since the late 1980s, giving lectures on different continents. On November 25, 1990, at the age of only sixty, he died of a heart attack in the transit area of ​​a Moscow airport en route to Georgia. In May 2001 a memorial to him was unveiled in Tbilisi.

A conference was held at the Philosophical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow on the 20th anniversary of Mamardashvili's death in December 2010.

Publications

  • Формы и содержание мышления ( Forms and Contents of Thought ), 1968
  • Классические и неклассические идеалы рациональности ( Classical and Non-Classical Ideals of Rationality ), 1984
  • Картезианские размышления ( Cartesian Meditations ) 1993
  • Lectures on Proust , 1997
  • Стрела познания. Набросок естественноисторической гносеологии ( The Arrow of Knowledge ), 1997
  • The third state. Russia and the end of communism . In: Sinn und Form , pp. 598–597
  • The Metaphysics of Antonin Artauds , translation: Maria Rajer, Roman Widder, ed. Zaal Andronikashvili, Matthes and Seitz, Berlin 2018, series: Happy Science, Vol. 113

literature

  • Michael Ryklin: Consciousness as a space of freedom. Merab Mamardashvili as a philosophical teacher . In: Sinn und Form , pp. 585–590
  • Giwi Margwelaschwili: Philosophy in Action. About Merab Mamardashvili . In: Sinn und Form , pp. 598–602
  • Zaal Andronikashvili, "Europe and the post-Soviet 'drama of freedom'. The historical creation of a free space according to Merab Mamardašviili's philosophy of consciousness", in: Zaal Andronikashvili and Sigrid Weigel: Basic Orders. Interrelationships between geography, religion, culture and law, Berlin 2013, pp. 257–279.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Religion Philosophical Salon , Christian Modehn : merab mamardashvili: Georgia philosopher of freedom. On the occasion of the Frankfurt Book Fair 2018 , July 25, 2018, downloaded on July 26, 2018, a copy as a memento at archive.org
  2. ^ Kerstin Holm, Georgiens Nachdenker , FAZ from December 22, 2010, page N 4
personal data
SURNAME Mamardashvili, Merab
ALTERNATIVE NAMES მამარდაშვილი, მერაბ (Georgian); Мамардашвили, Мераб Константинович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Georgian philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH September 15, 1930
PLACE OF BIRTH Gori
DATE OF DEATH November 25, 1990
Place of death Tbilisi